Business Insurance Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Insurance Law - Case Study Example It is palpable that pressure is piled on Allied Insurance to cover for John’s damages. Either way, there is an extremely little probability or chance of John missing the payment when the case reaches the Jury. This implies that Allied has to be prepared to eventually pay. The only concern now is to determine how to pay less than is being demanded. It is recommended that Allied seeks to have the case dismissed without it heading to the Jury. The risk of taking the case to court is high considering the expenses. For example, the chance of Allied paying nothing to John is 0.20 against 0.30 which exposes them to pay the whole amount. The time and cost is to be lost in the process yet John had accepted an offer of $750,000. It is, therefore, witty to persuade John into accepting a figure closer to that amount or if he cannot then the $750,000 be awarded to him.Decision StrategyIn order to negotiate for a counteroffer of $400,000, Allied can arrange for a session with John himself o r with the lawyers representing him so that the case can be solved. In order to convince John into accepting the counteroffer Allied as well needs to be represented by a shrewd negotiator who can navigate through the case and reach an amicable solution. This strategy will ensure that Allied persuades John much more since both parties would not want to lose the case. Through the sessions, Allied should be able to explain the possible outcomes of the court case so as to convincing John into giving in to the offer.

Everyman-a Medieval Play Review Essay Example for Free

Everyman-a Medieval Play Review Essay Summary Everyman is a play which was written to express the importance of morality, to whoever read it or experienced it being performed on stage. Some scholars say that it was written sometime in the late 1400’s, while others insist that it is a translation of a Flemish work called â€Å"Elckerlijc†, which was written by Peter van Diest in 1495. Everyman is an allegory play which is heavily based upon Christian religious perspectives; also it is resoundingly similar to the Christian belief of the resurrection of Christ, and his ascension into Heaven, after the crucifixion. The first act of Everyman, opens with a prologue which takes on the form of a messenger, telling the audience about the fate which is to come to Everyman. The messenger goes on to tell the audience that eventually God will call upon all of humanity to stand before him, and give account of their works which they had wrought in life. The next part of the play is God calling upon Death, to go and bring Everyman to stand before him. God commands Death to go and bring Everyman before him, so that he may give account of his own misdeeds that he has wrought in life. So Death goes and finds Everyman, and tells him that his time has come. Everyman then attempts to bribe Death with a thousand pounds, but Death refuses. However, he states that he will allow Everyman to bring someone with him, so that he does not have to face his judgment alone. Everyman first goes to Fellowship, whom represents friends and companions; and asks him to accompany him to go and stand before the judgment God. Fellowship, whom had promised to stand besides Everyman through whatever may come; tells Everyman that he will not go with him to the grave, because he fears Death and the judgment of God. Everyman is heartbroken, but then goes on to the next in line. Everyman then goes to Kindred and Cousin, which are supposed to represent family and kin; but they too tell him that they will not accompany him on his way to the grave. Thirdly, Everyman turns to Goods, which represents material possessions; nonetheless she also states that she will not go with Everyman to his final judgment. Everyman is very concerned by this point, and so he turns to Good Deeds for companionship. Good Deeds states that she will go with Everyman to face his judgment with him; but unfortunately she lacks the strength for such a journey, because Everyman  has neglected her throughout his life. Good Deeds tells Everyman that he must then go before her sister, Knowledge; for she will know the way in which Good Deeds may regain strength. Upon meeting Knowledge, she tells Everyman that he must go before Confession; and there Everyman confesses his sins. Afterward, Confession gives Everyman a â€Å"jewel† called Penance; which cleanses Everyman of his sins, so that he may stand before God and not be in jeopardy of damnation. With his confession behind him, Good Deeds regains his strength, and is ready to accompany Everyman to the grave. Knowledge then tells Everyman to gather together his attributes of life: Beauty, Strength, Discretion, and Five Wits; so that they too may accompany him to his reckoning with God. But when Everyman gathers them together, they tell him that they will not go with him to the grave; essentially because they are all characteristics of youth, which are all now fleeting from him, as he has the end of life. With that, Knowledge, and Good Deeds accompany Everyman to his final reckoning with God. There enters the character Angel; Knowledge then attests to Angel that Everyman was a good and just person, and in the end, he confessed his sins before God. Then Everyman and Good Deeds go down into the grave, and thus make their way to stand before God in the final judgment of Everyman. Fundamentally, this play ends with the character, Doctor, stating that all accept Good Deeds and Knowledge will all flee from a person, when they go before God for their final judgment. *** Issues in Raised in Key Resources There are several key issues which were raised by the scholars that wrote the major resources which I used to write this report. This play has received a moderate amount of popularity over the past near 500 years; and now today there are some scholars and researchers whom are exceptionally critical, both positively and negatively, of the details as to how it was written. One criticism of note would have to be one which was voiced by Thomas F van Laan. In referring to the general premise of Everyman, he contends of the writer that â€Å"His speech is essentially negative; he focuses solely on the inevitability of death and the destructiveness of sin†. Simply put, Mr. van Laan is stating that at first, the sole purpose of this work appears to emphasize specifically on death and how mankind should feel only sorrow for anything that they do, which goes against the teachings of Christianity. Another criticism of this work which Mr. van Laan refers to is the point in the beginning when God first speaks. Mr. Van Laan states: â€Å"Gods words are wholly negative in force, implying only the difficulty to come, omitting any indication of hope for mankind†. Mr.  van Laan is voicing this criticism on the opening section of the play, fundamentally about how he considers Gods words to be too negative in their approach. In expressing this condemnation, Mr. van Laan is adamant about his beliefs that God would probably not be so disconcerting in his approach to dealing with mankind. However not all that Mr. van Laan has to say about Everyman is negative in nature. He goes on to shed light on the allegory nature of the play, and how this lends credence to its being a unique, legitimate work of theater. He contends that â€Å"The first movement, is a falling action, which traces Everyman’s’ decline in fortune. This shatters the apparent serenity of his life, to the depth of his despair†¦fallowed by the second movement, a rising action, which carries him from this nadir unto his final salvation†¦which is symbolized by the words of the welcoming Angel†. It is my belief, that essentially what Mr. van Laan is stating, is that by using actual characters to personify the specific aspects of human nature; the persona of the play becomes a two-fold endeavor. Firstly, by the characters being literal representations of human qualities; they achieve a form of realism, which is normally only conveyed through the use of spoken dialog. Secondly, the movement’s themselves-transpiring from a state of utter despair, to a state of harmonious bliss; is not only characteristic of all great works of drama, but also of life itself. Throughout Mr. van Laan’s review of Everyman, he states his opinion that by the author using characters to represent the individual aspects of human identity; the play conveys a form of realism, which is distinctly unique. Next brings us to the arguments made by the researcher Roger A. Ladd. His belief is that this play was not written for the everyday person, but was in fact written to be a work which would have been performed for the â€Å"bourgeoisie†. His reasoning stems from research which had been done by scholar Dorothy Wertz; the same scholar who also believes that Everyman was probably written strictly to be performed for the elite rich. In her research, Mrs. Wertz points to the fact that â€Å"by simply examining the vocabulary and phrases used in the original piece, one can determine whom the play had been written for†. In that, she states that â€Å"the wording itself would have been too formal for ordinary citizens of the time period to ascertain†. However, unlike Mrs. Wertz, who believes that Everyman is specifically nothing more than a direct translation of Elckerlijc; Mr. Ladd assumes that it is an amalgamation of Elckerlijc and other English literary customs of the era. Mr. Ladd’s purported theory was reached in part, by investigating the traits of the character â€Å"Goods†, and comparing them with the English anti-mercantile satire traditions which were popular in the late-medieval period. An example of which being, that in the Germanic-Dutch based Elckerlijc, Goods is described as appearing as â€Å"Neglected, rusty. . . heaped up, filthy†. However in Everyman as Mr. Ladd purports, Goods appears in a more English anti-mercantile manner as being â€Å"trussed and piled so high, and in chest I am locked so fast, also sacked in bags†. The Everyman description, falls in line with the late-medieval literary tradition of anti-mercantilism; which according to Mr. Ladd, comes as proof that Everyman could not have been strictly just an English translation of Elckerlijc. Another scholar whom is acquiescent in his research of Everyman is Lawrence V. Ryan. Mr. Ryan takes an approach, which seems to be more about discerning the religious implications of the play Everyman. The first point that Mr. Ryan makes is that †Without theology, the artistic merit may not be fully appreciated†¦that the theology involved is indispensable, not indefensible, and furthermore, that it gives the play its characters, structure, significance, and even its dramatic impressiveness†. One of the main points which all three scholars agree upon is that by being deserted by all those whom Everyman turns to for help; the audience develops a strong sense of pathos, for the plight of Everyman. Mr. Ryan suggests that the emergence of these false-friend characters â€Å"all appear in a climactic order, according to the increased danger of each as a distraction from one’s Maker†. Finally, Mr. Ryan gives his opinion about the reason why all the characters that abandon Everyman, as well as Everyman himself, are all men; and why the only characters that accompany him are women. In essence, the logic behind this as Mr. Ryan contends is that â€Å"All men are born into a state of sin†¦and that for dramatic suspense; the author chose to have the only redeeming characters be women†¦to show that women can counteract this dogma†. Personal Reaction to â€Å"Everyman† My personal opinion of this particular play is one of high appreciation. Unlike some of the reviews of scholars which I have read, which did not display too much positive reception for this work; I personally enjoyed reading it, and doing my report on this play. When I first tried to read the Old-English original version of this play, I found it incredibly hard to ascertain what exactly the meaning was behind what the author had written. Understandably it was difficult for me when trying to use the un-translated Everyman, as Old-English is a version of our language, which has been out-of-date for centuries. When I found the translated version of Everyman on the Fordham University website and began reading it, I almost instantly thought that it had been a work which had been written by either someone whom was a priest, or had been another member of the Christian church in some capacity. Another notion which I had was that if the play had not been written by someone who was a church member, then it obviously had to have been written by someone whom had some form of agenda for getting people involved with the Christian church in some form or another. Perhaps the author had a legitimate reason for wanting people to become more involved with the church or to become closer to god in some fashion. On the other hand, perhaps there was a more sinister motive; like getting more people into the flock of the church, in order to acquire more money flowing into their coffers. Personally, I think that it was a combination of both motives, and that whoever had wrote this play, also had a genuine interest in using a popular mode of expression. Or perhaps the author wanted to show that by turning away from the sins of the flesh; that a person could attain a state of consciousness, which could bring them closer to a higher form of enlightenment. No matter what the personal objectives were for its creation, one thing remains clear; this was that the author of this particular piece was incredibly ahead of his time. From what I have examined in doing research for this report project; in reading other plays that date from the late medieval age, I can honestly say with a certainty, that I have not read anything that dates from this period, which is as unique as this. The usage of human emotions and possessions being personified into literal characters is uniquely a modern notion; and from what I have found, does not appear to have been done in a theatrical piece until sometime around 18th or 19th century. This plot construction is something which I have seen in movies and television shows; which are much more recent, than something that dates from the late medieval period. One example that immediately comes to mind is Charles Dickens’ Christmas Carol; although not entirely the same in primary foundation, the underlying principle is similar. Some of the scholars that I read about, that reviewed this work; were quick to dismiss it as being either frivolity, or simply nothing more than an act of religious propaganda. I have to disagree with both sides; I feel that this is a excellent illustration of late medieval/early modern era theatrical work, which will more than likely see its relevance come again. Summary of key scholarship on this play The first article which I used to review for this report on the play Everyman was a modern-English translation, of the late medieval original version of the play. This particular article didn’t offer any insight into it, as in scholar reviews; but it was extremely helpful in writing my summary of the play. Without this article, I am not sure if I would have been able to do this research project on this particular play, as I would not have been able to even ascertain what it was about. The next article which I used to write this report was written by Roger Ladd. Mr. Ladd took a definitively scholarly approach to conducting his research. Some of the main issues which he decided to confront were how the play Everyman deals with the religious implications of how material wealth corrupts the good intentions of mankind. Ladd went into detail, comparing the details of Everyman, to other plays of similar genera that date from the period. He explains about how most everyday citizens of the late medieval period, looked at the assemblage of material wealth, as the path to avarice, which puts their immortal souls in jeopardy. Like many other scholars whom have written journals about the â€Å"morality plays†, Ladd believes that in order to find out whom the plays written for, one has to look into the wording of the work; by doing this, he states that it becomes apparent who the target was. For example Everyman, when the main character is forced to give up his worldly possessions; it is written to appear as if this could have been the most dastardly thing which could have occurred in his life. Other key scholarship reviews of this play, comes from the scholarly works of Lawrence V. Ryan. Ryan takes an approach to his research, which is concerned with how organized religion is suspect in this play. One of his main thesis’ is about how in the play, Everyman attains salvation through his own works, and not by the salvation which comes from God. He talks about how many religious figures were quick to label Everyman as a work of unholy declarations; and that how many of these religious leaders informed members of their churches that they would be in danger of hell by going to watch a performance of Everyman. Ryan is perhaps the most non-forgiving of the three scholars that I chose to use. Mostly, he tries to make it known that he is of the opinion that Everyman was only an English translation of the Dutch work Elckerlijc. He does not make use of very much authentic information to make this claim, he simply relies on paraphrasing works which had been written by other scholars. Next, I used the research from the scholar Thomas F. vanLaan. VanLaan goes into detail describing the individual characters of Everyman. Noteworthy, is how he explains the nature of these characters, and how they relate to the human experience. Differing from the other scholars whom I referenced in this report, Mr.vanLaan gives a very logical accounting of why the author chose to incorporate inanimate human natures, as the title characters for this play. The choices for the human failings and material wealth, was carefully used to make the play appeal to nearly everyone whom would have watched its production. An example being, of how Everyman had acquired material goods in his life, which would have appealed to the rich; while on the other hand, Everyman losing his material possessions would have gained the approval of the poor which might have been in the audience. However, I never found one scholarly review, which did not offer at least one compliment about this great play. Endnotes *** Paul Halsall, Internet Medieval Sourcebook, â€Å"Medieval Handbook: Everyman, 15th Century†, Fordham University (August 1998) (Accessed on October 20th, 2010) http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/basis/everyman. html The entire summary which I wrote was based upon the modern-English translation of Everyman, which was available online at the Fordham University site.

Johnny Got His Gun, by Dalton Trumbo :: essays papers

Johnny Got His Gun War in its self is a tragedy. Experiencing the tragedies of war has a life long impact on ones life. In the novel " Johnny got His Gun" by Dalton Trumbo, Joe Bonham is a victim of war and he is forever changed physicaly, mentally and spiritualy. Through Joe it is evident that the price we pay for war is much to high. All people in life have some sort of basic function. Weather it be a parapaliegic who lives alone, goes to work, has some sort of social life, and is a member of a wheelchair basket ball team or a quadrapaliegic who is incapable of doing much but still communicate with friends and family members. Joe is in a terribly worse situation then any of them. Joe spends his days in a hospital bed. He is incapable of any sort of fuction other than moving his head up and down. He can not speak nor can he eat for he has no mouth nor a face. He must be assisted for thing's that a 3 year old child could probably do on their own like changing close or going to the washroom. This predicament, which Joe finds himself in, causes Joe tremendous mental anguish. "Please I can't. Please no. Somebody come. Help me. I can't lie here forever like this until maybe years from now I die. 1 can't. Nobody can. It isn't possible." (Trumbo 3.64) To try to imagine the mental stress which Joe suffers from is unconceivable to any human being. Joe can not distinguish his memories from his consciencnouss nor can he judge if he is awake or asleep. Joe can not communicate with his keepers which is the worst of all his folies "He kept tapping. He kept on now for another reason aside from the simple desire to speak which had started him out. He kept on tapping because he didn't dare stop he didn't dare think. He didn't have the courage to ask himself so simple a question as how long will it be before the nurse understands what I'm doing."(Trumbo 15.180) this causes Joe the most anguish because all he wants now, in his condition, is to go into the world and show everyone the horrors of war. Joe imagines himself in a schoolhouse recitng this nursery rhyme: "Hickory *censored*ory dock my daddy' nuts from shell shock. Humpty dumpty thought he was wise till gas came along and burned out his eyes.

Case 33 †the Casino Industry in 2011

Case 33 – The Casino Industry in 2011 Brant Davis Problem Summary The Las Vegas and Atlantic City locations have lost revenues in recent years. In addition to the economic slowdown, these gambling locations are also facing new competitors in the market that are providing attractive choices to the customers. Though there are some external forces beyond their control, it seems that attractiveness and accessibility are very important focus areas for these cities. Analysis Using the SWOT analysis, we can get a broad picture of the Las Vegas and Atlantic City locations.Some of the strengths of these two cities are; the variety of entertainment they offer, the accommodations available, the atmosphere delivered, and providing a benchmark of quality service expected by the customers. Weaknesses of Las Vegas and Atlantic City are that they can be heavily affected by changes in the economy and the rising numbers of competitors. As the number of competitors rise, Las Vegas and Atlantic C ity have lost some of their business to places that are simply closer to the customers home.This has opened up some opportunities for these casino giants to make their locations more attractive and accessible to the customers and steal back some of the lost business. One of the largest threats to Las Vegas and Atlantic City locations is that it is getting much easier for the customers to gamble without traveling far. In fact, now the customers have the ability to gamble online right from their homes. Alternatives There are several courses of action these cities can take to grow. The first would be to make it even easier to get to their locations.There were times in the past when Las Vegas and Atlantic City used to basically pick the customer up and bring them into town. If it was easier for the customers to reach them, they might take back some of the business lost to more local casinos. The downside to that of course is the cost of travel would then be transferred to the casino cit ies. The real gamble here is that there are always people just looking for a free vacation, and just bringing them into town doesn’t guarantee that they will spend a lot while staying there.Another alternative is that Las Vegas and Atlantic City could both focus their efforts on the Legislation that has been keeping gambling from being legal online. Though this would require a lot of employed lobbyists, lawyers, and Politians to side with them. The con to that plan of action would that it would be hard to corner the online market so late in the game. Finally, Las Vegas and Atlantic City could focus on what it can offer to the customers that the other locations don’t. RecommendationsThough gambling is such an important part of their revenue, they should focus even more on bringing the customer in for the experiences that can’t be found anywhere else. This would require even more advertisements that give emphasis to the features of the city, and not just the slot machines. Though the retro rebranding of Las Vegas as â€Å"Sin City† seemed like the honest move, they need to make it the place for anyone to come and enjoy. Because Atlantic City has so many people within driving distance, they should focus more on picking families up and bringing them in as well.Often a family will travel on only one major vacation per year. Why not have that location be a city that just happens to have gambling. Additionally, MGM Mirage should be the poster casino for revenue. Las Vegas and Atlantic City have to get further away from the focus of gambling and make themselves the entertainment capitals of the east and west coasts. They need to advertise their cities as the places for people to escape and experience something that can’t be seen at home.They also need to lure in people with discounts and free complimentary benefits so that when the customers arrive, they can justify spending money on the entertainment. Finally, they need to have pati ence while staying aggressive. The economy is bound to improve, but they can’t just throw money into new buildings that people won’t travel to. They should slow some of the growth for the next few years and focus on advertising what they have to offer. Customers shouldn’t have to learn about all the great stuff by arriving there, they should go there because of all the great stuff they have already heard about.

Character Studies in the Ruby in the Smoke

In the novel Ruby in the Smoke, Phillip Pullman has created sleazy, nasty villains and wholesome, trustworthy, kind-hearted heroes and heroines. This character study looks at the behaviour of these important heroes and heroines in vital events in the novel. It also includes details about their appearance, personality and lifestyles. 1. Sally Lockhart Set in 1872, the Ruby in the Smoke involves sixteen year old Sally Lockhart. Sally is uncommonly pretty at the time; the quotation at the start of Chapter 1 shows us this: ‘She was slender and pale, and dressed in mourning, with a black bonnet under which she tucked in a straying twist of blonde hair that the wind had teased loose. She had unusually dark brown eyes for one so fair.' Sally Lockhart is a serious middle-class orphan whose late ‘father' taught her a variety of useful things; accounting, Hindustani, marksmanship, finance and shooting: ‘As a result, her knowledge of English literature, French, History, Art and Music was non-existent.' Sally's lack of insight in these quarters caused trouble with her guardian Mrs Rees and so her stay there ended. Sally Lockhart shows sensitivity throughout the novel: ‘What are you scowling for?' he said at one point †¦ ‘I wasn't scowling,' she said, sounding petulant and childish' Sally's sensitiveness also links in with her willingness to let Frederick Garland take charge, this quotation helps us visualise this: ‘She was in danger †¦, and was glad of his company.' This shows her lack of decisiveness and most of the novel portrays Sally in this fashion. Sally often seems to feel vulnerable in the novel; this quotation shows us this: ‘Sally nearly quailed †¦ and took a step backwards in fright' In the balance of the last three quotations Sally Lockhart can be seen as a weak, powerless and indecisive heroine but Sally's part in the novel has much more to it. Sally proves to be resourceful to the Garlands: ‘Wouldn't it be possible to tell a story in pictures?' Sally's thoughts bring in plenty of money and solidify her role as a strong business woman. During these parts or chapters in the novel, Sally gains significant authority, determination and control. Sally Lockhart shows fearlessness and determination at the end of the novel to defeat her enemy Mrs Holland: ‘The old woman plunged. She fell without a cry †¦ Mrs Holland was dead.' This victory symbolises her courage and quick-witted thinking she showed to react to Mrs Holland's actions and words. To summarise, Sally Lockhart is young, sensitive, and, at times, willing to let Frederick Garland take charge, however she is also a resourceful, fearless, determined, and an independent heroine. 2. Frederick Garland Another one of the important characters is Frederick Garland, a photographer with imagination. The quotation tells us about Frederick's appearance: ‘He looked an amiable young man.' Frederick is caught up in Sally's mystery, he proves to be trustworthy, helpful and decisive through out Pullman's novel. Criticisms of Frederick's character involve his poor organisation and planning. The following quotation shows us this: ‘†¦ Frederick Garland!† she stormed. â€Å"Those bills are have been waiting since Easter,† ‘ Frederick's organisation has cost him plenty of money through out the novel; he should show slightly elevated interest on his personal gain. Frederick's poor planning skill also links in with his dreadful business abilities; these weaknesses have affected many situations within Pullman's novel. Frederick's character possesses lots of effective strengths in this novel. One of them is his braveness as shown by the quotation: ‘But he's brave though.' This quality has come to Frederick's rescue plenty of times as well as this his braveness has also offered sufficient help to other characters (particularly Sally, Jim and Adelaide). Due to these acts, Frederick is known as a trustworthy character. In an earlier chapter, Frederick provided help to Sally. This short passage notifies this: ‘ â€Å"In the tent,† he said' Throughout the Ruby in the Smoke, Frederick has been helpful and kind. This point also links in with his ability to think and to stay calm even when under pressure. However, his more brilliant qualities are shown towards the end of the novel when he is portrayed as a ‘life saver'. This is proved by this quotation showing Mr Berry's surprise at Frederick's determination: ‘ â€Å"How?† said Mr Berry. †¦. â€Å"I thought I sorted you out.† ‘ During this chapter, Frederick showed his selfless abilities to save the lives of Jim and Adelaide. To conclude Frederick Garland is a helpful, brave, decisive and a trustworthy character. 3. Mrs Holland The villain of Pullman's novel is the mean and manipulative Mrs Holland. Her appearance is described by this quotation: ‘She was a wizened old woman with sunken cheeks, pinched lips, and glittering eyes.' It is obvious from the earlier chapter that Mrs Holland possesses villainous qualities. One of them is her cruel and cunning thinking: ‘So I think she'd better have an accident†¦ One look at the paper tomorrow and you'll do whatever I want.' This shows that Mrs Holland has no conscience to threaten and blackmail, she is only interested in her personal gain. However, Mrs Holland is dexterous at her trade, she proves that she is manipulative. We can also sense that Mrs Holland is disliked by others: ‘ â€Å"You spider. You calculating old bitch.† ‘ Mrs Holland has earned herself plenty of enemies. In contrast to the selfless and caring heroes, she proves to be greedy and unkind to others throughout the novel. Heartless is an excellent description Mrs Holland's character, this is proved by the following quotation: ‘It's the girl †¦ I'll have her and I'll tear her open, I will †¦ and I'll have her life.' Mrs Holland is cold hearted, she wishes evil to others and she makes it clear that nothing will stop her from achieving her ambitions. Particularly towards the latter stages Mrs Holland overreacts: ‘She thrust Sally aside and scrambled up on to the parapet. She tottered wildly †¦' Mrs Holland is unable to remain calm. However, her knowledge of her surroundings was excellent: ‘She will find me and drag me out †¦ She knows everythink. Everythink and everyone.' ‘ â€Å"Sorry, ma'am,† †¦ feeling ashamed of himself and not knowing why.' Mrs Holland shows her authority over others. She has the ability to frighten people and make them work for her in a high standard. In a nutshell, Mrs Holland is a mean, heartless, greedy villain with authority and planning abilities. 4. Jim Taylor Jim Taylor, the cheap office boy, emerges as one of the principal heroes to help take up Sally's quest. Jim's looks is visualised by this description: ‘†¦ His jacket was torn in three places, his collar had come adrift from the shirt, and his hair looked as if it had been used in an experiment with the powers of electricity.' Jim shows great affection towards Sally in this novel: ‘It was Jim †¦ he worships you.' Jim's like of Sally gets him into this quest and in deep trouble. However, he has showed determination and bravery in these situations. The following quotation shows this: ‘He nearly fainted †¦ and then he lowered his head and charged.' Jim's heroic acts in the latter chapters offered help to Frederick and Adelaide in difficult circumstances. He puts others first. Jim also stayed calm and thought freely under pressure. Like Frederick Garland, he shows no interest in personal gain, this links in to the previous points. All through the Ruby in the Smoke, Jim is inquisitive: ‘That's him †¦ that's the bloke what killed Selby.' Jim is a hard questioning thinker; he looks deep into happenings. Jim's resourcefulness is justified after he found the Ruby. After finding this expensive and enchanting object, Jim showed excellent self control and selflessness not to misuse the Ruby. However, in some parts of the Ruby in the Smoke, Jim is a rowdy: ‘Jim looked up and released a jet of language that might have blistered a battle ship.' Jim doesn't always posses ‘gentlemanly' qualities. Despite this, his heart is dedicated to the ‘good' and helpful. At the start of the climax to the Ruby in the Smoke, Jim is betrayed by Paddy. This quotation shows us this: ‘ â€Å"Why?† †¦ â€Å"Money, mate,† was the reply. â€Å"Gotta live.† Despite his anger at Paddy, he kept his concentration and bravery, he somehow survived. In conclusion, Jim Taylor is a likeable, principal hero with bravery, determination and selflessness and at times a rowdy. 5. Trembler (Theophilus Molloy) Trembler, part of the workforce in the Garland's household, ends up to be one of the key characters in Sally's quest. His figure is described: ‘A little wizened man ran anxiously out †¦' Helpful is an excellent description of Trembler's character in the Ruby in the Smoke: ‘ â€Å"Could you light the match for me and hold it under the opium?† ‘ ‘ â€Å"Righto.† Particularly to Sally, Trembler provided excellent help through out the novel (buying her a pistol, helping her re – remember with opium). Trembler (along with Frederick Garland) is a dreadful business man: ‘ â€Å"You must press to have your bills paid on time. There is fifty six pounds seven shillings owing to you.† ‘ Before Sally arrived, the Garland household was unable to sort out their finances. This shows that Trembler, Frederick (and Rosa to an extent) are unorganised. Trembler is unpersuasive in the Ruby in the Smoke, this is proved by the ensuing quotation: ‘ â€Å"You tell him. I've tried but he won't listen to me.† ‘ Particularly in the earlier stages, Trembler lacks qualities needed in a business field. However, his bravery and loyalty is second to none: ‘The big man knocked him down †¦ the big bloke took a swing at him and flattened him.' Trembler's hard work and bravery were a key part of his character. His liking and friendliness towards Adelaide was huge: ‘ â€Å"Here's my lady love,† ‘ Trembler was an easy going character, he had an excellent knowledge of the surroundings. To consummate, Trembler was a helpful, faithful, unorganised and easy going character. 6. Adelaide Adelaide plays a key part towards the earlier and the latter stages of this novel. Her appearance is shown in the following quotation; ‘ †¦ a child whose only feature seemed to be, †¦, a pair of enormous dark eyes.' Adelaide is weak and uneducated. The following quotations help us visualise this idea: ‘Mr Berry was holding her around the neck with one hand †¦' ‘ †¦ and so should, by law, be in school.' Adelaide hasn't been a brave contributor to Sally's quest. However, she has been incredibly useful, in an earlier chapter she informed Jim (who in turn acquainted Sally) about Matthew Bedwell. This was of significant use. Adelaide's main characteristic is that she is scared of Mrs Holland. This quotation shows us this: ‘Only I mustn't tell Mrs Holland, else she will kill me.' Adelaide is troubled, she is being abused, bullied and frightened by Mrs Holland. Adelaide, unlike Frederick and Jim, lacks determination. This showed in a key part of the novel: ‘ â€Å"Get up here. We got to climb over the wall †¦Ã¢â‚¬  ‘ ‘ â€Å"I can't,† †¦ ‘ This undermined characteristic often caused trouble to other characters. Despite this their like and affection towards her is unhurt: ‘ † †¦ there's a good girl.' Adelaide returns this affection with respect, this quotation shows this: ‘ â€Å"Morning miss,† ‘ Adelaide is a kind and caring character, she is soft hearted. To recapitulate, Adelaide is weak, bullied and  undetermined but however she proves to be courteous and resourceful.

How to Treat Gummosis, or Bleeding in Tree Bark

How to Treat Gummosis, or Bleeding in Tree Bark Bleeding bark on  trees and other woody plants  often leads to concern when its discovered by tree growers and yard tree owners. Gum or sap draining from a tree trunk or limbs is common in trees in the genus Prunus, which includes peaches and cherries, but it can happen in many species. This sap flow can be caused by biotic diseases, which are triggered by living organisms such as fungi, and abiotic injury, caused by non-living factors such as sunlight and temperature change. One textbook definition gummosis is the copious production and exudation of gum by a diseased or damaged tree, especially as a symptom of a disease of fruit trees. But it also can be an early symptom of other problems, not only in orchards but in prized landscape trees in yards, parks, and forests.   Gummosis can weaken a tree, but it isnt the end of the world. Bleeding or oozing of sap from a tree, although not normal, wont necessarily permanently harm a tree or woody plant; most of them will survive. Its also important to remember that there are many causes for free-running sap from trees, including insect borers, cankers, bark injury, and a variety of diseases. Controlling these sources of damage will control gum deposits and sap flow, but there usually is no cure. Causes Gum exuding from cherry, peach, and sweetgum trees is common, so keep an eye on these species. Gummosis isnt a pathogen in itself but the response to environmental stress from pathogenic, insect, or mechanical injury. Pathogenic infectious diseases and cankers that result in bleeding sap can become problematic in fruit orchards. Particularly, the  cytospora canker, or perennial canker, commonly causes fungal bleeding in stone fruited trees such as apricot, cherry, peach, and plum. This infection can be distinguished from insect damage and mechanical injuries because sawdust or pieces of bark arent mixed in the sap, as would be the case with insect or mechanical damage. It isnt vital for you to identify the specific cause or causes involved, but its very important to differentiate between insect infestation, mechanical injury, and infectious disease for diagnosis. Prevention and Treatment There are management practices you can follow to lower the risk of gummosis: Be careful when using lawn and garden equipment to avoid tree tissue injury, which can harbor fungal spores.Prevent winter cold injury to your tree by planting cold-hardy species within their hardiness zones and outside isolated wind  avenues.Maintain a trees health to discourage boring insects.Prune and dispose of limbs during late winter.Try to identify whether the tree has been injured mechanically, been attacked by insects, or infected by a disease. Typically, mechanical injury and insects will leave exposed sapwood or sawdust. Treat the  causes as best you can while increasing the most comfortable tree conditions for optimal health. Increasing tree vigor is important and will yield great results. One helpful treatment is applying several pints of garden lime under the tree drip line if your site has a low to moderate PH. Raising soil Ph to 6.5 can do wonders for tree health.

Shakesperes History essays

Shakesperes History essays William Shakespeare-An Introduction to His Life, Times, and Theatre Many factors went into Shakespeares and formed his writings. Including the English Renaissance, and the Elizabethan Theatre. Each played a significant role in plays that he has written and we will explore what roles they have played in this paper. The English Renaissance began around 1485 with the accession of King Henry VII. At the time the Renaissance was closely associated with the arts were all but dying due to the War of the Roses. Once King Henry VIII granddaughter Queen Elizabeth reined the arts flourished some saying that the arts hit their highest peak at this time. I feel that much of the renaissance centers on nature, the universe, church and state, morals, laws, and politics. Medieval philosophers believed god created heaven and earth and that the chaotic world we know was created by mans original sin. The only goal in human life was to live a virtuous Christian life and this would lead to salvation. The universe was believed to be created from a system of hierarchies. Every form of life was arranged on a scale. This extended from the lowest form of algae to God. You can see where some of our philosophies come from and how some still exist. Royalty ruled states in Shakespeares time. The Church of England had its beginnings under Edward the VI. Queen Elizabeth and Queen Mary attempted to return England towards the Catholic faith but failed to do so. The king had governed by the laws that God created. God created three orders the law of Nature, the Law of Nations, and Civil Law. Niccolo Machiavelli however had his own views on these laws. He argued that the Christian religion was harmful to a sated because it taught humility, and this was a quality that was destructive to a ruler. Shakespeares plays revel an awareness of Machiavelli ...