Breast Cancer And New Treatments Essay Research free essay sample

Breast Cancer And New Treatments Essay, Research Paper Breast Cancer and New Treatments Breast Cancer affects one in eight of American adult females, and is the 2nd most common cause of malignant neoplastic disease decease in America. I chose to compose my term paper on chest malignant neoplastic disease because it is a disease that has effected some members of my household. Due to this perchance familial status, I felt that researching the subject would assist me larn ways to forestall the disease and educate myself to execute self-exams that may ensue in early sensing. Breast malignant neoplastic disease is a malignant tumour in the glandular tissues of the chest. Such tumours, besides called carcinomas, signifier when the chemical processes that control normal cell growing break down, enabling a individual abnormal cell to multiply at a rapid rate ( Hickman ) . Carcinomas, which tend to destruct an increasing proportion of normal chest tissue over clip, may distribute, or metastasise, to other parts of the organic structure. We will write a custom essay sample on Breast Cancer And New Treatments Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Breast malignant neoplastic disease is the most common malignant neoplastic disease in adult females, other than skin malignant neoplastic disease. A major wellness job in many parts of the universe, it is particularly prevailing in developed states. The American Cancer Society ( ACS ) estimates that in the United States more than 175,000 new instances are diagnosed and more than 43,000 adult females die each twelvemonth from malignant neoplastic disease arising in the chest. One in eight American adult females will develop this unwellness at some clip during her life ( Cummings ) . The rate of incidence additions with age, and adult females 75 old ages and older are at the highest hazard. Breast malignant neoplastic disease can impact males, but the disease strikes adult females about 100 times every bit frequently as it does work forces. The good intelligence is that if a adult female develops chest malignant neoplastic disease, her options are much greater than of all time before due to promotions in engineering, and proper intervention can normally continue the chest while heightening endurance ( Feldman ) . Scientists do non understand precisely what causes chest malignant neoplastic disease. Surveies suggest that several classs of adult females are at increased hazard for the disease: those who began to flow at an remarkably early age ; those who experienced climacteric, or the lasting surcease of menses, at an remarkably late age ; those who waited until later in life to hold kids ; and those who neer gave birth. Such findings, all of which relate to hormone-based life events, suggest that chest malignant neoplastic disease is someway affected by drawn-out exposure to female sex endocrines, such as estrogen. Womans with a history of chest malignant neoplastic disease in the household are besides at greater hazard. About five per centum of all chest malignant neoplastic diseases have been attributed to a mutated, or structurally altered, cistron known as BRCA1. Mutants in a 2nd cistron, BRCA2, contribute significantly to the development of chest malignant neoplastic disease in Judaic a dult females. Alcohol, high degrees of fat in the diet, and non exerting on a regular basis have besides been linked to increased hazard for chest malignant neoplastic disease ( Garber ) . Three-fourthss of all chest malignant neoplastic disease patients are non in any of the groups considered at increased hazard for chest malignant neoplastic disease, bespeaking that non all hazard factors are understood. As a consequence, physicians recommend that every adult female should familiarise herself with the techniques for monthly chest introspection. X-ray scrutiny of the chests, a technique called mammography, can observe tumours before they are big plenty to be felt and increase the odds for successful intervention. The American Cancer Society recommends that adult females over age 40 should hold a mammogram every twelvemonth. The lone manner to do a positive diagnosing on a fishy ball in the chest is by holding a biopsy, a minor surgical process in which the ball or portion of the ball is removed and examined under a microscope. The most common sites of metastasis in chest malignant neoplastic disease patients are the lymph secretory organs located in the axilla. The pr esence or absence of malignant neoplastic disease cells in the lymph glands helps doctors find how far the malignant neoplastic disease has advanced and whether a adult female is likely to be cured by mastectomy, the surgical remotion of the chest ( Garber ) . Removal of a cancerous tumour by surgery remedies one-third of all chest malignant neoplastic diseases that are detected early. If merely the ball and some environing chest tissue are removed, go forthing most of the chest integral, the process is called a partial mastectomy, or lumpectomy. When the chest and other tissues environing it are removed, the operation is termed a extremist mastectomy. In some instances, radiation therapy is recommended in add-on to surgery to handle malignant neoplastic disease that has non spread beyond the chest. Traditionally, chest malignant neoplastic disease intervention relies to a great extent on radiation, surgical remotion of the chest, called mastectomy, and cytotoxic chemotherapy. There are four phases of chest malignant neoplastic disease. The first phase is a tumour less than two centimetres in diameter, where nodes are non involved and there is no distant metastasis. The 2nd phase is a tumour that is less than five centimetres and has no distant metastasis. The 3rd phase is a tumour that is greater than five centimetres in diameter, is occupying the tegument, and has no distant metastasis. The 4th and concluding phase of chest malignant neoplastic disease includes a tumour that has distant metastasis. The endurance rates for each of these phases include 85 % for phase one, 66 % for phase two, 41 % for phase three, and 10 % for phase four ( Feldman ) . At the present, clinical research in chest malignant neoplastic disease is concentrating on a assortment of promising theraputic schemes, such as new chemotherapy agents, hormone agents, antibody therapy, vaccinums, and antiangiogenesis agents. A figure of drugs are under probe for handling chest malignant neoplastic disease, some of which have shown considerable promise in cut downing the size of tumours, and even forestalling the disease. They include drugs called taxol, estrogen antagonist, and Herceptin, which each work to better the effectivity of chemotherapy ( Gradishar ) . The drug taxol, approved in 1992 by the FDA for handling chest, ovarian and other types of malignant neoplastic diseases, is extracted from the bark of the Pacific yew. The tree is scarce, nevertheless, and big sums of taxol are needed for intervention. Scientists are analyzing the feasibleness of cultivating the trees to reap the drug from the bark, every bit good as the possibility of pull outing the drug from the subdivisions and acerate leafs. Taxol, besides called paclitaxel, is an anticancer and is normally administered by injection and used to handle advanced chest malignant neoplastic disease. Chemotherapy, and the disposal of cancer-fighting drugs, such as taxol, has proven effectual in destructing chest malignant neoplastic disease cells that have spread to other variety meats. This drug works on the microtubules of the cell forestalling with interphase and mitotic cell maps, which is one of the stairss in cell division and generation. Side effects include hypersensitivity reactions, bone marrow suppression, blood force per unit area jaunts and musculus hurting, harm to the nervousnesss of the custodies and pess, sickness, emesis, and hair loss. Preliminary consequences of clinical tests have showed that taxol, when given with standard chemotherapy, improved patient endurance rates by 26 % , and reduced the hazard of reoccurrence by 22 % . Another option is docetaxel, a substance that is similar to pacitaxel. Docetaxel comes from the acerate leafs of the yew tree. This drug is FDA approved to handle advanced chest malignant neoplastic disease that has non responded to other anticancer drugs. The side effects of docetaxel are similar to those related to paclitaxel ( # 8220 ; Paclitaxel ( Taxol ) and Other Related Anticancer Drugs # 8221 ; ) . Other interventions exploit some of the chemicals the organic structure of course produces. For illustration, some chest malignant neoplastic disease cells thrive on the endocrine estrogen, which is produced in the ovaries. Endocrine therapy slows the growing of such cells by forestalling them from utilizing estrogen. One of the drugs employed in endocrinal therapy is tamoxifen. Prelimin ary research has shown that in add-on to forestalling chest malignant neoplastic disease from repeating, estrogen antagonist may besides forestall new malignant neoplastic diseases from organizing in the opposite chest. Chemotherapy affecting antiestrogens, such as estrogen antagonist, has proved utile in detaining chest malignant neoplastic disease return, but the bulk of patients treated with estrogen antagonist finally relapse. Tamoxifen, or Nolvadex, is a drug in pill signifier, taken orally, that interferes with the activity of estrogen. Tamoxifen has been used to handle both advanced and early phase chest malignant neoplastic disease. More late, it besides is being used as accessory, or extra, therapy following primary intervention for early phase chest malignant neoplastic disease. Some chest malignant neoplastic disease cells are â€Å"estrogen sensitive.† In other words, estrogen binds to these cells and stimulates them to turn and split. Tamoxifen prevents the bindin g of estrogen. This stops the cells from turning and in making so, prevents or holds breast malignant neoplastic disease return. Tamoxifen is besides known to work through growing factors and the immune system and may supply some benefit even in patients whose tumours are non estrogen sensitive. A recent survey found that taking estrogen antagonist for five old ages significantly reduces both chest malignant neoplastic disease return ( 42 % ) and mortality ( 22 % ) for all adult females. Consequences found that in adult females whose chest malignant neoplastic disease has spread to the local lymph secretory organs benefit well from tamoxifen therapy. Womans who take estrogen antagonist may portion some of the good effects of taking estrogen replacing therapy, such as a reduced hazard of osteoporosis and a reduced hazard of bosom disease. The most common side consequence is hot flashes similar to those experienced during climacteric. Tamoxifen may bring on climacteric in a adult fema le who is near to climacteric. Other common side effects include vaginal waterlessness, irregular periods, and weight addition. In add-on, adult females taking estrogen antagonist may be at somewhat increased hazard of developing cataracts. Many experts believe estrogen antagonist may increase the hazard of uterine malignant neoplastic disease. There have been some studies of uterine malignant neoplastic disease in adult females taking estrogen antagonist, nevertheless, the incidence is less than 1 % in adult females. A similar drug called Raloxifene, besides an antiestrogenic drug, is besides being tested for effectivity. Raloxifene decreased the hazard of estrogen receptor–positive chest malignant neoplastic disease by 90 % ( Cummings ) . New attacks affecting reprogramming of the tumour cell cistrons and targeting of the blood vass that feed tumours provide hope for more effectual and less toxic therapy. One of the newest signifiers of chest malignant neoplastic disease interventions is a monoclonal antibody called trastuzumab and marketed under the trade name name Herceptin. This drug targets cells that overproduce HER-2, a protein implicated in about tierce of all chest malignant neoplastic disease instances. Although still under survey, Herceptin, helps do chemotherapy more effectual by shriveling tumours and decelerating the patterned advance of the disease. An consultative commission of the FDA has recommended that Herceptin be approved for usage ; it will be most effectual in a type of chest malignant neoplastic disease that afflicts about 30 per centum of chest malignant neoplastic disease patients. Herceptin reverses the procedure, by get downing with a find about the basic genetic sciences of malignant neopl astic disease, and so planing a drug to antagonize the abnormalcy. The key in this instance is a cistron called HER-2/neu. The cistron carries instructions for a protein that sits on the surface of a cell and receives signals from # 8220 ; growing factor # 8221 ; molecules. Thus the HER-2/neu cistron and protein play a cardinal function in the cardinal menace of malignant neoplastic disease: tumour cells that grow out of control. Meanwhile, research workers are go oning to analyze the drug to see if it can better the forecast of adult females with earlier phase chest malignant neoplastic diseases. Experts point out that although Herceptin is improbable to bring around adult females with metastatic chest malignant neoplastic disease, the consequences of the tests so far are a clear mark of advancement. Normal cells carry two transcripts of HER-2/neu, and have a little figure of the HER-2/neu protein receptors on their surfaces. But research workers found that some malignant neoplas tic diseases have excess transcripts of the cistron and an surfeit of cell surface receptors. The abnormalcy is non inherited ; instead, it is an mistake acquired during the lives of some people. Research workers estimate that 20 to 30 per centum of adult females with chest malignant neoplastic disease have extra HER-2/neu cistrons in their tumours, amounting to every bit many as 60-thousand instances a twelvemonth in the United States. UCLA research workers say adult females with malignant neoplastic diseases that # 8220 ; overexpress # 8221 ; HER-2/neu are more likely to endure backslidings after intervention and do non last every bit long as adult females with normal sums of the cistron. Research workers so set out to happen a manner to barricade the HER-2/neu receptors, and therefore stifle the signals stating the tumour cells to maintain turning. They developed a molecule called a monoclonal antibody that is in kernel a mirror image of the HER-2/neu receptor. Research workers think that when the antibody, Herceptin, attaches to the receptor, like a cardinal suiting a lock, it prevents growing factor molecules from attaching. If Herceptin is approved by the Food and Drug Administration, it will be the first intervention that specifically targets this aggressive signifier of chest malignant neoplastic disease that is associated with more rapid malignant neoplastic disease patterned advance and shortened endurance. It is the first therapy that was developed to aim a specific protein defect that contributes to the malignant patterned advance of malignant neoplastic disease. Herceptin was by and large good tolerated among patients in both tests. Overall, the most common inauspicious reactions related to Herceptin were icinesss and febrility in 40 per centum of patients, chiefly with the first extract. Side effects that occur frequently in adult females having chemotherapy, including hair loss, oral cavity sores, and low blood cell count degrees, were non see n normally among adult females taking Herceptin entirely. An increased hazard of bosom disfunction occurred in adult females having Herceptin ( Holtz ) . In decision, there are many new interventions that have been proven to assist cut down the harmful effects of chest malignant neoplastic disease. Some of these include taxol, estrogen antagonist, and Herceptin. When taken with chemotherapy, these new interventions have been proven to cut down the hazard of decease from chest malignant neoplastic disease. Early sensing is the key to lasting chest malignant neoplastic disease. You should hold a physician or nurse look into your chests at least one time a twelvemonth, get downing at the age of 20, and regular mammograms should be given at the age of fourty. Because of the new interventions discussed, today adult females diagnosed with early-stage chest malignant neoplastic disease are populating longer and most can be treated without losing their chest Hopefully, through chest malignant neoplastic disease consciousness plans breast malignant neoplastic disease can be detected early with many new interventions in the close hereafter. Bibliography Feldman, G. 1999. Breast Cancer Handbook. Self Magazine: 213-232. Holtz, A. 1998. Herceptin: An Wholly New Weapon Against Cancer. ASCO: 1-3. 1999. Paclitaxel ( Taxol ) and Other Related Anticancer Drugs. National Cancer Institute: 1-5. Hickman, C. , Roberts, L. , and Larson, A. 1997. Integrated Principles in Zoology, Chicago, IL, p. 147. Gradishar, W. 1999. # 8220 ; High-Dose Chemotherapy and Breast Cancer # 8221 ; . The Journal of the American Medical Association 282: 297-306. Cummingss, S. , Eckert, S. , Krueger, K. , Grady, D. , Poweles, T. , Cauley, J. , Norton, L. , Nickelson, T. , Bjarnason, N. , Morrow, M. , Lippman, M. , Black, D. , Glusman, J. , Costa, A. , and Jordan, C. 1999. # 8220 ; The Effect of Raloxifene on Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women # 8221 ; . The Journal of American Medical Association 281: 860-864. Garber, J. 1999. # 8220 ; A 40-Year-Old Woman With a Strong Family History of Breast Cancer # 8221 ; . The Journal of the American Medical Association 282: 304-312. Antman, K. and Shea, S. # 8220 ; Screening Mammography Under Age 50 # 8221 ; . The Journal of the American Medical Association 281: 745-750.

An Imprint For eternity essays

An Imprint For eternity essays You gasp for air as you run to take cover behind a tree. You slump against the rough bark to gather your energy for the next wave of soldiers. As you place your hand on the moist soil, you feel a cool liquid swallow your hand. You look down and glance at a pool of blood, in the center lay a lifeless young boy, whose life was tragically cut short. In Americas rode to becoming a unified nation, an inevitable war broke out. The Civil War, which contained one of bloodiest one-day battles, resulted in over 620,000 deaths not including African Americans, in a span of four years. This war was not the cause of one conflict but many over numerous years. The major cause of the Civil War was due to the different opinions on slavery. The Northern states, which soon became the Union, believed slavery was inhuman, while the Southern states, which seceded from the United States and became the Confederacy, believed that it was their right to have slaves. Harriet Beecher Stowe, a freed African American woman, wrote a book Uncle Toms Cabin. This book was about a horrible slave owner who beat his slaves. This started a commotion in the South. Slave owners began denying allegations of the mistreatment of their slaves. A heated debate began between the North and South. The North saying that slavery should be abolished, that the mistreatment has gone on long enough, and the South still denying and wanting. The quarrels between the North and South led to many short-term resolutions. One of these resolutions was the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter the United States as a slave state, and Maine as a free state, to maintain the slave to free state balance. The only problem with this idea was that years later, Americans would want to expand and move west. While moving west, their ideas and beliefs would follow. Thus the struggle to maintain slave to free state balance would become an even larger dilemma. ...

Formal Criticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formal Criticism - Essay Example This paper will use formal analysis of a selection of scenes from the film 2046 by Wong Kar-wai to highlight Sontag's objection to such analysis. The film explores the experiences surrounding the many loves of the main character, Chow Mo Wan, but doesn't give a precise meaning for the events or even the relationships themselves. The film opens with the enigmatic and multi-layered image of a large, donut-shaped object. It is dark and smooth and shiny, yet also gives the impression of the spiral form of a shell. This represents the "hole in the tree" into which, according to a story repeated by Chow several times in the film, people whisper their deepest secrets, after which they fill the hole with mud to prevent the secret from ever being discovered. As Chow talks about a woman he once loved, we see a woman from behind, whispering her secret into the hole. We don't see her face. The film is filled with images that try to enlarge and deepen the impression that human memory and meaning are limited. The settings are few; a few hotel rooms, a rooftop, streets in which all that is shown is the street light or the wall of a building, a club, a restaurant, and the futuristic train that exists within the science fiction story Chow is writing. Also simplified are the appearances of the actors, almost always shown only from the chest up. They are frequently shown alone, even while conversing with another character. The colors red and black dominate the dcor and the clothing, and dark lighting is used in the majority of the scenes. On rare occasions light colors and daytime scenes are used, as when one of the hotel owner's two young and still somewhat innocent daughters is shown dressed in light green, or when a character is seen on the hotel rooftop during the day. Similarly, worldly women, or women who become worldly during the film, almost inevitably smoke and wear red, black, or gold. Many conclusions could be drawn from such repetitive symbolic content, but from Sontag's point of view, it would be a mistake to do so. Would smoking be interpreted as worldliness at all times and in all cultures, just as the colors a woman wears would always reveal her level of morality If we allow ourselves to see the red dress and the cigarette as symbolic of something specific and universal, do we then, for instance, start to ignore the facial expressions Even here the film seems to adhere to a pattern; the majority of expression shown by the actors is whether and when they do and don't look at one another. This could be interpreted as a device of emotional distancing between people who try to avoid intimacy while at the same time desperately yearning for it. Could it be that the visual elements of the film are simplified in order to force our attention to less obvious parts of the story, or to more subtle characterizations of the actors But it could also be said that the film us es such devices in order to render a flatness and hopelessness in the storyline that lets the viewer know well in advance that there will be no happy endings here. The film doesn't defend itself against this kind of analysis. In one particularly engaging sequence, Chow is writing a futuristic story in which he imagines himself as a Japanese man riding a train into the year 2046, "the place where people go to recover memories". It is

Motivational Activities of Part time Staff at Tesco Essay

Motivational Activities of Part time Staff at Tesco - Essay Example The deductive method proves reliable in this study because theoretical arguments will be of critical significance. Interpretivism is one of the underlined philosophies that governs qualitative research and will be applied in this study (Klenke 2008, p. 67). The outstanding strategy in this research will be the construction of a correlation and observation of the existing motivational activities and the pertinent satisfaction exhibited by part time staff at Tesco. Since this study focuses on establishing the existing relationship between the motivational activities of Tesco and the level of satisfaction exhibited by part time workers, it falls under the category of relational studies (Merriam 2002, 123). This research will focus on Tesco express for a defined period and hence the study is cross-sectional. Primary and secondary Researches  Two types of data will form the core of this survey and such data will emanate from the primary and the secondary researches. Primary data will be the data collected from the 30 participants identified from this research. A rigorous analysis and evaluation of such primary data will serve to inform the researchers of the probable findings (Miles, Huberman, & SaldanÃŒÆ'a 2014, p. 143). In addition, the research will also consider an extensive literature review as a reliable source of secondary data in a bid to support the primary data. The literature review will consider the conclusions drawn from existing studies and the theories developed from such studies.

Presentation Planning (written presentation) PowerPoint

Planning (written ) - PowerPoint Presentation Example One definition, which is presented by Bailey, Hunsberger and Hayden (1998), is literacy involves a "complex set of skills that allow learners to express, explore, question, and understand the flow of ideas among individuals and groups" (p. 120). In the context of Scribner statement's this set of skills vary from one society to another and from one time period to another. Nevertheless, in spite of the differences in society, there appears to be a common literacy skill, mainly, reading and writing. The elements of assessment, reception, instruction, and analysis can present a cohesive and well-rounded reading and writing experience as regards adolescent education. A. functional literacy- The term functional literacy refers to the level of learning at which one is able to read well enough to negotiate life's everyday activities and demands. In recent generations, however, the criteria for functional literacy have made it a moving target" (Manzo, 2003, 654). B. variety of learning styles- There are visual learners, kinesthetic learners, auditory learners, gifted learners, disabled learners, avoidant learners, etc. This is important- but not as important as their strategies of personal learning (du Boulay, 1999) 1. 1. TV and internet- Heavy viewing linked to lower assessment scores (Mokhtari, Reichard, & Gardner, 2009) C. secondary to higher education transition- Less parental involvement in education produces less research and, in turn, less change (Mokhtari et al., 2009) D. deep reading strategies (du Boulay, 1999) III. Instruction A. PISA lessons (Brozo, Shiel, & Topping, 2007) 1. developed recommendations after research: common leisure reading text types be incorporated into classroom activities, display a love for reading such as is requested of the student, embrace social literary clubs, include diverse reading materials, and incorporate a level of choice in readings, projects, and other large creative literary units (Pitcher, S., Albright, L., DeLaney, C., Walker, N., Seunarinesingh, K., Mogge, S., et al., 2007). a. similar American recommendations: common leisure reading types be incorporated, teacher modeling reading, embrace social literary clubs, include diverse reading materials, and incorporate a level of choice in readings, projects, and other large creative literary units (Pitcher, Albright, DeLaney, Walker, Seunarinesingh, Mogge, et al., 2007). B. predictability (Lynch, 2008) C. student interest (Manzo, 2003, Mokhtari et al., 2009) 1. creating interest (Simon, 2008) IV. Analysis A. inner argument (du Boulay, 1999) 1. as social constructivism (Falk-Ross, 2001) B. Hermida's (2009) deep reading strategies: questioning of the overall purpose of the text, the context, the thesis, the detailed

Reflective Report For Project In Fostering Solutions

Reflective Report For Project In Fostering Solutions As a part of my Postgraduate degree program I got an internship opportunity for a period of three months at Fostering Solutions Ltd. The internship duration was from June till September. This report is a reflection on my experience of working as a consultant at Fostering Solutions. The project consisted of conducting a Competitor Analysis for the betterment of Fostering Solutions. Along with me were my team members Li who was responsible for carrying out the process improvement and Mani Shankar was vested with the responsibility of devising a national and marketing strategy. There was going to be a lot of team work, since the three parts would be combined together as one project. The project turned out to be a grand success and in this report I take you through my journey as a consultant from the beginning of the project till its conclusion looking at the various problems I faced and how I overcame them, the skills I learnt, my strongest motivation, how we developed team capabilities and finally the ending of the project. This was one of earliest projects that were posted on blackboard which I applied for, and was successful in proclaiming an internship after an interview with Fostering Solutions at Manchester Business School. It was a special feeling as I had a chance to work for a foreign company and this would subsequently add commendable strength to my resume. The Beginning The prospect of working on a live project as a consultant evoked plenty of excitement. For me the most significant aspect of the project was my opportunity to inculcate the theories and models I learnt in class to the corporate world. Having done my Bachelors in Management studies and currently pursuing a Post graduation in Business Analysis, this was the perfect opportunity for me to utilize my skills and relate to the learnings from the classroom. Most significantly having the knowledge and understanding of business models which I studied in the Analysing companies module at Manchester Business School helped me a lot. Though, this was possible only because I was able to implement those learnings in my internship project. The beginning was challenging because this was a new industry to me and we were unfamiliar with the concept of fostering. I had to start from scratch by learning the fostering basics, the industry mechanics followed by the current scenario of the market. This was going to be the foundation of the project and a key factor to its success. All this had to be done in a short span of time because I needed to get a head start in the project. 2.1 Day 1 In our first meeting with the client at Fostering Solutions Ltd, we were introduced as external consultants to all the members of staff in different departments. My first observation about the company was its organisational culture. I noticed that the organisational culture was of the role culture type, in which the organisation is split up into various functions and each individual is responsible for a particular duty. (Learn management, 2010) We were given a briefing about the project, the companys background and the fostering industry in general. I learnt that Michelle Sloan would be supervising me for my part of the project at the company. My first impression about Michelle was that she is a friendly and easy going person. I was given authority and freedom to work in any method comfortable to me. Her style of leadership was participative, since she would give me freedom and authority to work in my own way although she would check and double check my work to assess its suitability . We were presented a red folder containing inspection reports of different offices of fostering solutions, details of Fostering Solutions offices, contact details and a survey that was conducted on foster carers named as Foster Carer Viewpoints. This was the first significant aspect of my learning process to carry out a competitor analysis, this was regarding an inspection carried out by an organisation named Ofsted on independent agencies known as Ofsted Ratings. I learnt that Ofsted ratings is one way to assess competitors. The motivation I was strongly motivated by the fact that Fostering Solutions were going to take our findings and analysis very seriously. Subsequently our supervisor Prof Kurt kept highlighting the fact that Fostering Solutions unlike other big company internship project would analyse our recommendations meticulously and implement a few key ones. Knowing I had an opportunity to make a difference to an organisation was a big driving force for me. In addition to this I acknowledged to the fact that I was working for a social cause of helping overcome the shortage of foster carers in United Kingdom to the increase in the number of children in care with local authorities. My findings would help Fostering Solutions to recruit better and more foster carers and in turn help a number of children find homes and family. The Learning process In this section I reflect upon the learning process with respect to this internship project. I illustrate the gradual progress I made towards completion of the project successfully, there were learnings and knowledge gain at every level. The learning process began with understanding the foster carer approval process. Understanding this process was very complex and was a difficult task. As the project progressed I realised I cannot compare the approval process or the number of foster carers approved between different competitors because they would not divulge such key information to me. There was no other procedure to find the information either. However understanding this process helped me understand that for a fostering agency it is critical that the right people register their initial interest with the agency. This was the first step to recruiting foster carers. Therefore, more the number of suitable applications received more will be the foster carers approved. The learning proces s continued with understanding the Fostering industry business model. Learning and understanding the business model was key to carry out an efficient competitor analysis. Independent agencies like Fostering Solutions recruit and approve foster carers, and place them with children provided by local authority. The Independent agency charges the local authority for this and pays the foster carer allowance for their carer service. Shown below is my understanding and reflection about the fostering industry business model. My Understanding of the Fostering Industry Business Model For determining an organisations success in todays highly competitive and complex environment, the business model is the most significant tool. I understood that for any company to exist in this industry it has to recruit foster carers. Subsequently, I learnt more and more about the company, the industry and how things work in general with each passing week. One of the key learnings was when I realised that the local authority runs this industry and is a key ingredient of the business model. This understanding was essential for me to carry out my competitor analysis. After this the most significant aspect was to list out the key issues involved in recruiting foster carers. I understood that different people had different motivations to choose fostering. They are 1. For the sole purpose of fostering. 2. For the purpose of fostering and the financial interest in the allowance they would get. 3. They could be interested in adoption but first would like to foster the child and adopt at a later stage. After this I began the data collection process by assembling data regarding the industry to write a brief description and the challenges it is facing. By doing so, I learnt that there was a shortage of foster carers in the industry and an increase in the number of children coming into care. I learnt that the government of the United Kingdom were looking to reduce spending on Fostering in the coming years and this was a major threat to the fostering industry. By the end of June after consulting with Michelle, Fostering Solutions, we short listed nine companies on whom I would be filing reports which would shed light on how these firms compete with Fostering Solutions in the market. On doing further analysis to understand the factors which clarified how these firms compete with Fostering Solutions, I came up with criteria on which they would be compared and analysed, these criteria included turnover, profit margin, number of employees, location, foster carer allowance paid, services pr ovided, placement provided and Ofsted ratings. On carrying out a through analysis of these factors would enable me to gain an understanding of the positioning of these companies in the market. The learning process reached its peak when I could prepare a framework for my project report as shown below. Framework of the competitor analysis Working in teams There were times when I had to inherit the qualities or role of a leader, friend, colleague and subordinate while working as a part of a team. Good team leadership is to create conditions which would allow thoughts, ideas and people to succeed, by coming together and with a flow in the performance. When in pursuit of challenging team goals one can encourage effective teamwork by balancing peoples strengths with building good relationships. I enjoyed working with this team. The team would meet twice a week to discuss our parts and understand the progress each one of us was making. We would go to the office to meet with the client twice a week till the middle of July. The difficulties I faced in working in this team were communicating with Li who is Chinese and has a funny English accent. Similarly, she would have found our accent funny and would have found it a little difficult to grasp an understanding in one conversation. There were numerous occasions most recently today itself when I had to ask her to repeat her suggestion on the recommendation because I could not understand her English in the first attempt. Despite the cultural and geographical differences, it was an interesting experience working with a person from another country. I adjusted my method of working and communicating with the dynamics of the team. I believe this would be a key requirement for my future prospects when I work in an organisation. It is very important to adjust and settle down in accordance with the dynamics of the team you are working with. Despite our differences, we were a team that worked together, fought the difficulties and appreciated each others work. (Lawf ord, 2003) We shared work in such a way that every member could use his/her strengths to attain the required goal and not have to work on tasks which required skills which may be deficient. By doing this we increased the productivity of the team and the team morale. An example could be that I was good at making charts and compiling the whole report, whereas Li was good at the editing work and proof reading and accordingly we distributed the tasks to achieve proper synergy. An example of our progress as a team with reference to the Tuckmans Team Model Tuckmans Stages of Team Development Tuckmans model gives an understanding of how a newly formed team gradually develops maturity, ability and the establishment of relationships within the team members. From the Forming stage where the team comes together for the first time through 4 different stages the team goes through a series of changes and ultimately performs as a team and works towards achieving its goals Forming  stage Formation of the team Tuckmans model explains In this stage the team has been assembled and tasks are allocated among members. Team members pretend to get on with each other but they might not trust each other due to not knowing each other well enough. At this stage I felt it was important to bring the group together and work on our goals. It was important that we established our roles and this stage was a period of high learning. It is a stage where I learnt about beliefs, attitudes and observed the behaviour of my team members. Such things gave me an idea to understand these individuals and thus understand the group dynamics which were going to be formed. Storming Tuckmans model explains In this stage the team members strive to get down with the issues and ways to achieving them. At this stage, it is expected that arguments and tempers will flare. We did have a lot of arguments regarding each others report analysis and findings. The arguments occurred on topics such as format of the reports, whose part should come first and also the word count. As mentioned above, the incident where I named a file wrongly had led to arguments. Sometimes teams can become stuck in this phase for a long time due to persistent arguments and problems. At this stage the most important thing is to listen to each other, there was a need to create a positive vibe in the group and appreciate each others work. There was a necessity to set tasks and walk along with the team towards the next step. Hence a belief of yes we can was needed to make the transfer to the next stage. Norming  stage Tuckmans model explains This as the stage where the team members get used to the working ways of each other and develop trust and strive for team productivity. In this phase teams begin to work as a cohesive unit trusting each other. Li and Mani were aware that I work through the night and sleep early in the morning right upto 11 a.m. Hence we used to schedule some meetings for 1p.m. or later. Mani and I took a little longer to finish our sections of the report because we had a tough time getting the data we needed from secondary sources. Li understood and appreciated this difficulty. We had developed an understanding of exactly what was going on in each others section of report. It is highly important to self evaluate and communicate effectively at this stage. We shared responsibility by delegating tasks to be completed between the three of us. The risk at this stage was that the team could become complacent and lose its creativity or driving force that is required to achieve success in its goals. Our team did not lose its focus we kept working towards a common goal and took the step towards the final stage of our project. Performing  stage Tuckmans model explains This is a stage where the team is totally committed and strives towards a common goal. This is the final stage of the team where it focuses in finishing the tasks it set out and adjourning. Once we finished individual parts of group report, we met regularly at Manchester Business School to discuss the link between the 3 parts. At this stage individuals in the team are highly motivated for the success of the team wasting little time with high trust on one another. We proof-read each others work and thoroughly examined each others recommendations, sometimes through discussions, before coming to a consensus. It is key to note that a team according to tuckmans model can return to an earlier level if there is a change, for instance a review of the recommendations or the report or if a team member leaves prematurely. Difficulties Faced and How I Overcame Them At the outset of this Internship project I faced plenty of difficulties. In this section I reflect on the difficulties that I faced and what I did to overcome them. The beginning period was very tough for me from a personal point of view. My Father had a heart problem during May end/June start. I could not concentrate on my work and kept thinking about how things would be back home and worrying. It was an emotional and stressful beginning. At such time, there is no way to find out if your family is telling you the truth about the situation or otherwise. This makes things all the more difficult. It took me about ten to fourteen days to get back to normal self and believing that everything was alright. Nevertheless, this incident motivated me a lot to give it my best shot. I worked harder than ever to make my parents proud of me. 6.1 Problem solving model This problem solving model was adapted by me from the eight disciplines problem solving method. (David Bruce, 2010) I reflect on different problems I faced during the project and how I used this model to find a solution to those problems. Lack of Data During the early days of the project I had a tough time because I was reading information that had nothing to do with competitor analysis. Such was the vast nature of information provided to me about Fostering Solutions. I was given a number of books on fostering, care and training methods, which I read and found out, had nothing to do with my competitor analysis. A lot of precious time was wasted in going through irrelevant data. Often in research projects consultants could spend time reading, researching information that are of no use in the research but still have to be read and assessed to find out its use in future analysis. When analysing this problem with respect to the model I concluded the best option would be to create a framework and scope for my research. By doing so I exactly understood the data I was required to collect and carry out further analysis. I got all the data regarding Fostering Solutions from the company. However getting information about competitors to undertake a competitor analysis was a challenging task. Getting the financial data such as turnover, profit margin proved to a job in itself. During a meeting with Dr. Kurt, he suggested FAME database and it worked. The data for 8 companies out of 9 was available but TACT being a charity organisation there was no data. Another problem was that for Orange Grove (now taken over by Hillcrest Foster Care) and SWIIS the financial information available was only for the year 2008 and not 2009. But the data for other companies was available as per our requirement. The research could have been better had I got the required annual reports of these companies. I overcame this difficulty by considering the options to counter this problem. I selected the best suitable option which would be to conduct a comparison of these companies on data that I had such as services provided or fost er carer allowance. In this way I used my problem solving model and decided to concentrate on the data I possessed to continue my competitor analysis, rather than getting demotivated about the unavailable data. Similarly, getting data regarding the foster carer allowance was a hurdle. This information is important as it provides insight into who provides the best allowance to the foster carers and where Fostering Solutions stands in comparison. The hindrances I faced during this task were immense. This data for many competitors was not available directly; it was either hidden in the services page or FAQs section. By The Bridge did not divulge this information as it was not present on their website, but only in their brochure which they wont send out unless an initial application was filled. I went to the step 2 of my problem solving model and tried a few options to find out this data. I tried calling fostering companies on my radar and acting like a person who was interested in foster care and asked for access to their annual reports, brochure and foster carer allowance. I was told there was no access to annual reports and for brochure I would be required to fill in an application form. Lat er, I decided to try calling them saying I was a Manchester Business School postgraduate student and wanted their brochure, annual report of 2009 or 2008 as I am doing a research project on fostering industry. Even this trick did not work as they outsmarted me. The person I spoke to told me to forward my research project plan and key objectives and then only they will send this information. I could obviously not send this because the research objective was a competitor analysis for the benefit of Fostering Solutions. Thus, foster carer allowance for By The Bridge and TACT could not be found out after exploring the options stage. Hence I went to step 3 of the problem solving model and decided to compare these companies on other key factors such as size, turnover, ofsted ratings and services provided. Similarly, there was no data available regarding number of children placed by each of the competing companies. It would have been very helpful and interesting if I could have got data regarding children placed by each of 9 competitors. There was data available only regarding total children placed by all the Independent agencies and local authorities. I have included the same in the competitor analysis, but there was no data available on children placed by each competitor. Vast nature of the project The vast nature of the project and short span of time of 3 months to complete was a hindrance. According to our Academic supervisor Prof Kurt this project could have been carried out as a PhD for a three year term, such was its wide scope. I had 4000 to 6000 words to present and analyse data, compare the 9 companies to fostering solutions and come up with how they compete with them. This was always going to be too short to compile reports on these companies, write down my analysis, analysis regarding financial data, compile findings/comparison for each company to fostering solutions and lastly recommendations. I progressed to step 2 of the problem solving model and explored my options. Then I selected the suitable option of presenting some of the important data in the appendix and decided to strictly following the framework I had set out for the project and restricting myself to only presenting analysis and information that was key and omitting irrelevant data. Skills Utilized, skills I Lacked and Skills Acquired Skills Utilized Skills I utilized to successful completion of the project It is extremely crucial that a consultant has a complete understanding of the project requirement. I achieved this by breaking down the project into small elements and developed my understanding of the requirement of my client. This was done by discussing the project brief in detail with Fostering Solutions and Prof Kurt. Having applied this skill effectively I now feel I would be able to carry this experience on to future assignments I receive at my workplace. Secondly, having broken down the project into tasks I utilized my communication skills to keep the client informed about my progress in the report. I used the 7 Cs of communication clarity, confidence, comprehensive, concise, conviction, comfort and charisma to effectively communicate throughout the project.(Leslie, 2010) Having good communication skills helped me massively because this being a team project, there were three lines of communication. Firstly with the client, secondly with my team and thirdly with my academic supervisor Prof Kurt. Hence, to avoid confusion it was important to see that everyone was on the same wavelength. This was achieved by arranging a meeting between the company supervisors and our academic supervisor, Prof. Kurt. We agreed that all communication regarding meeting with our academic supervisor would be handled by Mani Shankar. I would be reporting directly to Michelle at Fostering Solutions and emailing Prof Kurt regularly regarding the progress of my report. We had a number of meetings at Manchester Business School and Fostering Solutions to discuss the progress of the project. Once the channels of communication were established early in the project, I had no problems working on the report and communicating with both the supervisors. Thirdly, I needed to be a good analyst to successfully progress in this report. Prof. Kurt gave me a nudge in the right direction by suggesting FAME database to me to look for financial data of companies that are available. Once this was done, competitors were assessed and compared with Fostering Solutions on turnover, profit margin, foster carer allowance paid, services provided and placements provided. This required a lot of data collection most of which was secondary and required a lot of analysis to find out exactly how they competed with Fostering Solutions in the market. Having analysed data on each competitor I discussed it with Michelle and Prof Kurt and got their feedback on the same. I found out an interesting statistics at fostering.net. From this file I found out that local authorities were always going to be big competitors with independent agencies in this industry. They had placed more children, recruited more foster carers and received more applications than the independent fostering agencies across the UK. This was the first analysis I had conducted. Showing it and proving it in meetings at MBS with the supervisors and again at Fostering Solutions gave me a lot of confidence. I started believing in my abilities to succeed in this challenging project and provide a lasting contribution to the success of Fostering Solutions. I found it difficult and challenging to collect the data required in order to carry out my analysis. FAME provided limited information and financial data for some companies were available only for the year 2008. There was no other way to find out the information I needed. I overcame this problem by comparing and doing my analysis for these companies on other variables such as foster carer allowance and services provided. Belief in my abilities grew when I discovered that local authorities had recruited, placed more children and received more applications than independent agencies and proved it with evidence in a meeting at Fostering Solutions. I conducted my analysis on turnovers, foster carer allowance, services provided and the locations of the competitors. This understanding was essential for me to come up with important observations regarding how the competitors compete with Fostering Solutions. Thus, in this way I excelled in using my analytical skills. Skills that I developed during this internship were my planning, organisational skills and time management. If I had to be successful in this project it was essential for me to plan and organise tasks before executing them. I believe I did this efficiently. One thing I would like to highlight and criticise myself is it took me a while to get a head start; Prof. Kurt and Michelle were extremely understandable, patient and helpful. This report could have been better if I had made a better start and I am critical about this issue. Though, the effort that has been put in is the same as I worked longer hours at a stretch when the real assignment began. I efficiently planned the time schedule for understanding the industry, data collection, analysis and writing the report. After analysing the data I would discuss it with Michelle. She would give her feedback and I would incorporate the completed data and analysis in my written report. As planned I completed writing my report before August 22nd 2010. Hence I believe that I have developed good planning and organising skills because without them I would not have been able to complete this project within the time duration; especially after the slow start that I had. One skill I lacked due to my inexperience of working on a project of such magnitude was presentation skills with respect to formatting and presenting a management report. This was the first time I had worked as a consultant for a company. I had no idea about how to present a report of such magnitude. Prof Kurt in one of our final meetings was critical about the way I had presented and written my report. My report draft had a shabby presentation with parts in bold, unnecessary paragraphs and some parts underlined unnecessarily. Prof Kurt showed me the right way and guided me to prepare the report and present it in a more professional and readable way. He taught me that presentation is a key aspect in report writing and all the hard work done could be undone by a shabby presentation. He gave us ideas to make the report look good and interesting to the reader. AIDA Model Attention Interest Desire Action I learnt that a good presentation of the report is a must because firstly it will capture the attention of the reader and generate an interest in the material. After which the reader would develop a desire to read it. These lessons will remain with me for the rest of my life and in future when I work for a company and have to present a consulting report I would reflect upon these lessons Prof Kurt enlightened upon me. (Aida, 2010) Working with Fostering Solutions The Client Fostering Solutions were supportive of this project. Michelle my supervisor was very excited about the whole project from the start. She was very friendly, supportive to me during the duration of the project. I was given a lot of freedom to choose whether to go and work from the office or working from my home/business school library. Michelle could not give me proper feedback because my report was in bits and pieces and in draft format till start of first week of August. But once I sent her the report in full, she helped me edit and also proof read given data analysis for me. Once I submitted my final draft to her, she was very happy with it and gave me her feedback. Michele and Prof Kurt appreciated my effort inspite of the challenges I faced such as lack of data, time constraints, word constraints to conduct a competitor analysis. Michele presented my findings, analysis and recommendations to the director of Fostering Solutions who requested for the FAME financial data to be put in the appendix, and congratulated me for my good work. In my recommendations to the client I adopted a diplomatic method to avoid being too critical or too polite. Michele was critical about a few of my recommendations at first, but once we debated the issues involved she realised that I had raised valid arguments. My responsibility was to recommend ways in which Fostering Solutions could compete in a better way in the market with respect to competitors. Hence I had to find out and raise concerns in the current working methods/strategy of Fostering Solutions in comparison with its competitors. This had to be done with care due to sensitivity of the issue involved, no organisation would like to hear or accept their faults or limitations. Thus I had to structure my recommendations in such a way that it would be read and accepted by the client. The reason being unless they are accepted with an open mind there is no chance of it being implemented by the organisation. Self evaluation model Following is a self evaluation model in which I assess the utilization of skills in this internship project using a coordinate diagram. X axis Skills to be evaluated 1 Planning and organising tasks 2- Communication skills 3- Analytical 4 Problem solving skills 5- Presentation skills with respect to formatting, editing. 6- Team work 7- Creativity Y axis Perfomance rating 1 Poor 2 Satisfactory 3 Good 4 Excellent Self evaluation model Excellent 4- (1, 4) (3, 4) (6, 4) Good 3- (2, 3) (4, 3) Satisfactory 2 (5, 2) (7, 2) Poor 1- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Skills to be evaluated Coordinates and evaluation using the coordinates model (1, 4) Planning and organising skills Excellent (2, 3) Communication skills Good (3, 4) Analytical skills Good (4, 3) Problem solving skills Good (5, 2) Presentation skills with respect to formatting and editing, presentation of work has to be improved -Satisfact

Prelab for Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Essay

1). Weigh a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Make sure the glassware is clean and free of any cracks or stars. Also, take note of the temperature of water, as volume varies with temperature 2). Transfer a portion of the water to flask with a pipette and record the mass of flask with the water. Use this data to calculate how much water was transferred from the pipette to the flask. 3). Repeat step two 4 times, ensuring the remaining results are similar to the first trial. Use this data to calculate the mean amount of water transferred and the standard deviation between the data points. Calibration of a 50 mL Buret: 1). Fill the buret with 50 mL of the temperature-equilibrated water. Be as precise as possible in order to obtain reliable data. If the volume changes over a period of a few minutes, obtain a new buret. Be sure to obtain the temperature of the water as well. 2). Weigh a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask with its stopper. Again, make sure the flask is sanitary and has no cracks or stars. 3). At a rate of 20 mL/min, open the buret stopper and allow 10.00 mL of water to submerge into the flask. Remember to seal off the flask as soon as the water stops in order to minimize evaporation. 4). Using the technique of reading meniscus’s, record the volume reading for the buret to the hundreds place. The last significant digit may be an approximation. 5). Weigh of the stopped Erlenmeyer flask with the water on a scale. Determine the quantity of water transferred from the buret by finding the mass difference from the flask with no water vs. the new weight. 6). Repeat the steps from three to five four more times for the remaining volume of the buret and repeat the whole procedure again with a new 50 mL volume. Remember to record all data. Also, make sure to repeat data that is not duplicated correctly to ensure accurate and precise results. 7). Use the correction data from table one in order to find the true volume of water transferred based on the temperature. Create tables of the recorded data as well as a plot of the correction data with the apparent volume with labeled axis. Perform Calculations 8). Dispose of all glassware and materials accordingly and clean up the lab area. Hazards: No harmful chemicals will be dealt with in this lab. The only safety hazard is to be cautious of broken or chipped glassware that may cut one’s skin. Make sure to report any mutilated glassware to TA and accidents in the lab must be handled properly.

Religious Truth vs. Scientific Truth Essay

Scientific beliefs have a basis of solid evidence and can been proven using the scientific method and through extensive research. But there is no â€Å"scientific method† for proving religious beliefs. That is, there is no way one could know that a particular, or any religion is â€Å"true† or â€Å"false. † That therefore, raises a question, â€Å"are religious beliefs true in the same sense that scientific beliefs are true? † I believe that since we have no way of telling indefinitely which religion is the â€Å"truth,† that it is simply an important feature of ones personality and outlook on the world, and what they personally choose to believe is â€Å"true† to them. Like Robert Solomon says in â€Å"The Little Philosophy Book,† â€Å"Perhaps one could suggest that religious beliefs are more like aesthetic beliefs; that is, they are just ‘personal’ or, in other words, subjective. They are not literally true but not false either. † In order to determine this conclusion, however, one must look at both the reasons to believe this is true, and also the opposing viewpoint. What religious beliefs are true? If you believe your own to be true you are therefore saying that all others, who believe differently are wrong. But at the same time if you claim that others can be true you are implying that your own is false. And if you claim that neither one is true nor false, but it is an issue of personal belief and simply subjective, then what does that say of the many religious believers who believe that their religion is the true one? That what everyone believes may in fact be false? Personally, I do not believe by suggesting that religious beliefs are personal and that just because someone else believes something differently, that they are false. Religious beliefs are beliefs taught, not seen or proven, but knowing and having faith in their existence. I like the way that Gandhi views religion. His idea of religion was not totally esoteric. He knew that every religion was connected with some belief system supported by rituals and he tried to get rid of the rituals as far as possible and make it more universal. To Gandhi religion was a human institution made my human ingenuity to solve practical affairs as well as spiritual matter. He explained it as trying to climb a mountain. The mountain represented Heaven, or ones idea of it. And it doesn’t matter which side of the mountain you climb, (which religion you practice) but that all religion have the same goal. That coincides with my belief, that although people may have various different religious beliefs, one does not make the other false. It can be said that the only way something, anything, could be absolutely true is with the support of evidence and proof. That is where the opposition of my opinion comes in. Scientific theories can be proven and have â€Å"evidence. † But it is also widely believed that religion too, has â€Å"evidence. † Evidence such as the bible, miracles and scientific studies that show the efficacy of intercessory prayer and the effects of religion on person health. However, this does not necessarily prove one religions beliefs to be true, more so it proves the existence of religion as a whole.

How to become an ESL teacher

How to become an ESL teacher With the world getting more diverse, professionals who can help people bridge language and cultural gaps will be in high demand. English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers not only have skills that can help people assimilate into life in a new country, but they can also be cultural ambassadors. If you’re thinking about combining a love of teaching with the practical needs of language learners, it can be a great career path. What does an ESL teacher do?ESL teachers work with people who aren’t native English speakers and help them develop the English language skills they need in order to travel, live in an English-speaking country, or obtain citizenship. Some of these English language learners may have a specific goal in mind (like passing a citizenship test or a standardized test like the TOEFL to study abroad), or may just be learning English for personal reasons.An ESL teacher’s job responsibilities may include:Teaching general English, reading, and writing ski lls or focusing on a specific type of language use (like listening, life skills, literacy, professional English), etc.Developing curriculum to help students in the real worldManaging classroom lessons and activitiesTutoring studentsThe ESL teacher may be employed by a school district, a lifelong learning program (like a community college or other adult learning center), a community organization, or an educational company. Many ESL teachers teach in the U.S., but it’s also possible to teach abroad for students who hope to travel to the U.S. or other English-speaking nations. ESL classrooms can often vary, with students ranging from children to adolescents to adults, from all walks of life. The students may already have varying levels of English-speaking ability as well- from not speaking any English to being fairly proficient (but wanting to refine even further).What skills do ESL teachers need?ESL teachers often need to have an extra level of flexibility and people skills bec ause they’re working with a diverse range of people who may have an array of different needs.Cultural Sensitivity:Â  This is a key quality for an ESL teacher to have. The job inherently requires you to work with people from different backgrounds or nationalities to help them build their English speaking, listening, and writing skills.Language Fluency:Â  This is not always required, but can be very helpful, as it can open up even more job opportunities. Some English language teaching programs do total immersion (where the teacher and students only speak English), but if you are multilingual it can lead to more and different opportunities (like teaching abroad).Teaching Skills:Â  Like any educator, the ESL teacher needs to be able to take complicated concepts and teach them to students in an appropriate and understandable way.Flexibility:Â  This is a must-have skill for any teacher, but is even more essential for an ESL teacher. Students may have a range of learning styles and needs, so finding ways to connect those dots may require a bit of teaching dexterity.Creativity:Â  ESL teachers are teaching skills that have very real practicality in everyday life, so finding ways to work in real world lessons and activities with more abstract concepts like grammar and speaking can help students.Organizational Skills:Â  The ESL classroom is like any other, in that a chaotic atmosphere doesn’t help anyone learn. The teacher should be able to get a handle on the classroom and have set lesson plans and benchmarks in order to keep things running smoothly.Communication Skills:Â  You’ll be teaching communication, so you’ll need to be highly proficient at it yourself.What do you need to become an ESL teacher?ESL teachers usually need a bachelor’s degree at minimum, preferably in an educational field. However, in some cases a bachelor’s degree and English language expertise may be sufficient. Some states require ESL teachers to be licensed as other teachers are licensed, so be sure to check your state’s requirements.How much do ESL teachers make?According to PayScale, ESL teachers make a median salary of $40,632, though this can vary depending on where you’re teaching, what you’re teaching, and whether it’s in the public sector or private sector.What’s the outlook for ESL teachers?The outlook is bright! With more and more people seeking to come to the United States, there will be a consistently growing pool of potential students and programs that cater to them. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that adult literacy and language teachers (a group which includes ESL teachers) will grow by about 7% by 2026, which is faster than average for all careers.If you’re thinking about teaching, and you’re especially interested in working with students on English language skills and literacy, working in the ESL field can be a great specialty. And with people of s o many cultures coming together with a common goal, you’re likely to learn as much from your students as you teach them- a winning situation all around. Good luck!

Galilleo essays

Galilleo essays Galileo Galilei was an astronomer and mathematician, he was, a man ahead of his time. Galileo discovered the law of uniformly accelerated motion towards the Earth, the parabolic path of projectiles, and the law that all bodies have weight. Among his other accomplishments was the improvement of the refracting telescope in 1610 and his advocacy of the Copernican theory which brought him into a conflict of ideas and truths between himself and the Inquisition. He was condemned by the church whose theories threatened everything that was taught by the priesthood as the holy truth and he was eventually broken by the Inquisition. Before being ultimately defeated by the church, however, Galileo made many contributions to the world of physics. His scientific discoveries and endeavors were only a portion of his contributions to the scientific community. His brilliance brought about a new era in scientific advancement and his defeat at the hands of the church put a stop to the scientific revolut ion which he had started. Galileo Galilei was a great scientist and pioneer in the fields of mechanics, astronomy, thermometry, and magnetism, although mechanics and astronomy were his main passions. He was arguably one of the brightest men who ever lived. Galileo discovered and enhanced many scientific discoveries of his time period and was highly regarded as a Mathematician and Natural Philosopher. Galileo was persecuted for his views on Earth's relationship with the rest of the heavens since he believed that the Earth revolved around the Sun and that the heavens were constantly changing and evolving. Since Galilei's vision of a metamorphosing universe came in direct conflict with the views of Aristotle, views held by and supported by the church, Galileo was eventually called before the Inquisition and forced to recant his views. Nonetheless, Galileo Galilei made significant contributions to the scientific community and he is remembered as a great scienti...

Laws in cyberspace (civil law) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Laws in cyberspace (civil law) - Essay Example However, the past 15 years have clearly shown that any activity carried-out on the internet is not only subject to rules, but these rules are stricter and more heavily enforced than those of the physical world. One needs only to look at the process of establishing and maintaining an online presence (website), the mediating efforts deployed by online shopping sites like eBay, the internet censorship imposed by certain countries and the direct transfer and strict application of copyright rules from the physical world to the internet. The mainstay of web presence for individuals and corporations alike has always been the website. John Barlow claimed that â€Å"We are creating a world where anyone, anywhere may express his or her beliefs, no matter how singular, without fear of being coerced into silence or conformity† (Barlow, 1996). It can be said that websites are the real estate of cyberspace, and although accessible to everyone, the process to obtain a website (from the domai n name to server space and bandwidth) is underpinned by a number of legally binding agreements between the user and the service provider. The scope of these agreements is to ensure i) compliance of the user with content and usage rules and ii) consent by the user to the recourses and sole authority of the service provider in case of a breach of content or usage rules. Indeed, because the internet relies on i) a physical infrastructure administered and maintained by service providers and ii) the preservation of goodwill of these service providers, the internet content hosted and transmitted by each individual service provider directly affects their goodwill. Therefore, websites with objectionable content ranging from child pornography to the promotion of hate crimes are routinely and rapidly removed from circulation by service providers in a sustained effort to avoid negative publicity, as was illustrated by Rackspace when they removed the website of Reverend Terry Jones promoting an ti-Islamic views last fall (Shaer, 2010). Therefore, John Barlow’s statement that freedom of expression is absolute on the internet is clearly wrong, as legally-binding agreements endow service providers with the authority to only allow conformal and non-offensive views to persist in cyberspace for any length of time. One of the internet-spawned phenomena which has rapidly evolved into an online shopping mainstay is eBay. John Barlow claimed that â€Å"Your legal concepts of property, (†¦) do not apply to us† (Barlow, 1996). eBay exists only to facilitate the transfer of ownership of material property between individuals, sometimes separated by great distances and located in distinct jurisdiction. Although typical eBay transactions usually take place without incident, there are a number of instances where eBay is asked by either party to mediate the resolution of a conflict regarding the property itself or the payment. The â€Å"Resolution Center† eBay empl oys is a court of sorts where both parties are invited to present their case and acknowledge eBay’s ultimate authority to rule on the transaction (â€Å"Resolving Transaction Problems in the Resolution Center†, n.d.). As our physical world encroaches more and more onto the internet with each passing day, John Barlow’s statements about the inapplicability of the traditional concept of property to

Cjus 340 DB3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cjus 340 DB3 - Essay Example Contrary to that environmental criminologists concentrate on the place and the time of crime. They also use map as a tool to find out crime patterns in respective locations (Brantingham & Brantingham 49). Apart from the mentioned factors, the family environment plays pivotal role in upbringing of a child. If environmental problems exist in the family then the child is most likely to fall prey to the criminal activities. The root cause of a crime as per the researches conducted by the researchers is poverty, poor educational system and the family structure. Communication gap within the family and poor relationship amongst the family members inculcates bad behavior in children (Brantingham & Brantingham 53). It is observed that a family which is financially weak and has more children than required contributes towards criminal activities. Abusing and neglecting a child is another factor to promote antisocial activities. Physiological and Sociological surveys indicate that 50 percent children are at a risk of criminal activities for being neglected, abused and deprived from their due rights. Hence, juvenile delinquencies are on the rise in United States of America (Eysenck