Vincent Van Gogh’s artwork ‘Starry Night’ Essay

Vincent Van Gogh’s artwork ‘starry night’ is a classic example of the post impressionism movement. Post-impressionist were artist who rebelled against the limitations of impressionism. They developed person styles that focus on emotional, structural, symbolic and spiritual elements they felt were missing from impressionism. ‘Starry Night’ was created in 1889, earlier that year Van Gogh decided to enter the asylum at Saint-Rà ©my. ‘Starry night’ was inspired by the view from his window in the asylum. The painting was done on canvas with oil paints. The height of the paint 73.70cm & the height being 92.10cm. Van Gogh’s night sky is brimming with energy and it contrasts with the silent village below. The town he depicts in Starry Night is somewhat from his imagination. Though parts of it related to the view of the village, such as the church. Van Gogh includes a cypress tree in the left foreground which gives off an eerie mood. The colours are deep and rich the lines are spiral and curved, the painting is top heavy and the stroke thick and rugged. The sky is organic, it spirals and the colours are deep and rich. The town below is barely noticeable in comparison to the sky which draws all your attention. The Cyprus is gloomy and coarse. It’s spikiness and darkness makes a negative space. â€Å"Throughout his career, Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853–1890) attempted the paradoxical task of representing night by light. His procedure followed the trend set by the Impressionists of â€Å"translating† visual light effects with various color combinations. At the same time, this concern was grafted onto Van Gogh’s desire to interweave the visual and the metaphorical in order to produce fresh and deeply original works of art.† –MoMa (museum of modern art.) Van Gogh briefly yet fulsomely explores his special relationship with the darkness. His colours provide and tendency but also an urgency. The clashing of all the colours is exaggerated and visually dramatic. The dominance of the yellow in contrast to the blues; all of the colours complement each other. There are rich blues that sink into greens then into yellows. It looks chaotic, but it’s really very orderly. The landscape is bright, but used to capture the night time. We can tell by the yellow lights in the windows–little splashes of light that bring a vast balance to the bright stars in the sky. This painting is all about balance and harmony. The fact that Van Gogh had painted this from his mental image may have contributed to this piece having such a strong sense of mental dislocation and emotional intensity. One almost feels as if he was hardly  able to contain his feelings and that all his angst and passion seem to just splatter all over the canvas. That it was actually the emotions that were moving the brush rather than his hand. Vincent creat es a perfect balance with line, the contrast between the spiralled night sky and the rough parallel curved Cyprus creates a lovely abstract image. The space and perspective created using line to emphasize the focal points of the painting. The large cypress tree in the foreground should dominate the painting, but we’re drawn to the other elements–the moon, the stars, and the swirling sky because of the definition in their lines. It establishes perspective. It’s definitely in the foreground. The village is in the middle ground, the mountains and sky are background. It’s an amazingly calculated setting. The wavy, turbulent night sky almost mimics the sweeping hillside; makes for a very spiritual feel that carries through the painting. Compared to the human side of the painting (the town) which is very geometric and structural. Which makes you wonder, which part is chaos and which part is formulated? I feel that the town relates to Van Gogh’s life. It’s pretty quiet, everyone’s lights are out while they’re asleep totally unaware of the intense night sky that’s full of life, it makes me feel like he was trying to inform viewers of the ignorance of individuals. I think the village accurately represents a world, all of the people so unaware of raging passions that are going on around them. However to understand starry night to full extent, we must look at the big picture. Vincent Van Gogh was one of the great postimpressionist artists. Postimpressionism was basically a rebellion against impressionism, which believed that art should reflect reality with natural colour and lighting. Postimpressionists believed that art is not meant to imitate form, but to create form. These artists took some inspiration in the world and then painted their world according to their own perceptions. As Van Gogh himself said, â€Å"We may succeed in creating a more exciting and comforting nature than we can discern with a single glimpse of reality.† They had no fixed style – their personal styles reflect on personalities, emotions and soul. Many critics say his bush strokes, odd shapes and painting style were ‘loony’. I don’t think so, tormented and troubled? Maybe yes. But crazy? No! I think Van Gogh executed this painting beautifully, and he knew exactly what he was doing. My interpretation of this artwork is probably different to many, as every  individual has a different one. Everybody seems to be using different codes to decipher this piece. Truth being, no one can really know what Van Gogh’s own interpretations of ‘Starry Night’. For me, I’ve always thought Van Gogh was this tragic, anger-fuelled artist, who wished to do the best for humanity he was capable of. This painting spoke to me of belief and love of gods wonderful creations yet also the unmistakeable feeling of loneliness as if no one really saw things like he did.

Module of Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Module of Evaluation - Essay Example David Malan talks of the skill of HP Hildebrand when he was appointed to the famous London Clinic of Psychoanalysis back in 1963 (Malan 44). He barred from treatment (by trainees) any person with a severe suicidal attempt, signs of chronic alcoholism and drug addiction, long periods of hospitalisation, and more than one type of ECT, serious incapacitating phobia and OCD, any homosexual longing tobecome heterosexual, or someone with abominably destructive performing out. The fall out rate dropped from 60 percent to 10 percent. Discussion Innovative advances in psychotherapy field have improved its effectiveness and usefulness however, patient variables remain a significant, some may say the greatest, the determinant of the outcome. It has confirmed hard to study; studies and research that are more current are specially sparse and only accessible at a fee (many of them require a book sale or a subscription to a particular journal) or in universal psychiatry journals. Therefore, I have decided to go back on the 1979 piece â€Å"assessment for patients of Psychotherapy† of Sydney Bloch 2 for a bigger view. Adapted from his piece is a list of exclusions that comprise organic brain syndrome, the Bipolar and severe depression. Others are Schizophrenia, the severe Personality disorder (like sociopathic or narcissistic and paranoid), drug or alcohol infatuation, Hypochondriacal or somatisation particularly if alexothymic, like a cure for sexual ‘deviation’ or too distrustful and incompetent cognitively and intolerant of frustration, without impulse control, ‘inhibited, constantly fatigued or submissive’. Those he thought benefited more were those with: rational level in personality integration, the motivation for change and realistic expectation of healing process or psychological mindedness, at slightest average intelligence, average ‘neurosis’ and Personality disorders or strong affect and felt dissatisfaction, life situat ion without any unresolved previous problems (Wolberg 23). The Ego is belived to come from the dissatisfaction of the ID’s drives and the wishes by the external reality (also, it later deals with fault by the Super ego that is belived to come from resolution of oedipal complex). If all the patients have the ability to satisfy their needs maturely, (change in work, love or play to use the George Valiant’s ideas). These ideas are to postpone gratification, cope up with adversity, think and reason logically about the problems or problem solve, and then relate to reality with extra mature ego defence mechanism, they are believed to have excellent ego strength and are much favourable customers for Psychotherapy. The disapproval levelled at therapists was that they excempted those most in requirement of assistance. In his 1964 manuscript â€Å"Psychotherapy the purchase friendship† William Schofield is important of the then inclination of psychotherapists to focus on patients that are more attractive and coined the word YAVIS: Young, then attractive, then verbal, then Intelligent, Successful, others have added second S for ‘similar’. To rephrase Malan and several others, this was not too diverse from other sectors of medicine (particularly at the time) when ill patients with several and severe conditions were regularly excempted from particular procedures medical, the surgical and anesthetic,

The psychology of coaching today's athlete Research Paper

The psychology of coaching today's athlete - Research Paper Example These associates can affect training because the athlete is not getting the right diet, rest or having personal problems. This affects the person’s attitude during practices and the competitions. A coach should be the one to decrease the stress that the athlete feels at least at practices and games. A coach has to has to have knowledge, attitude, and know about behavior techniques to lead a team and they must be able to disguise personal emotions and frustration that could affect the performance of the athlete and the team. If there is a lack of confidence in their coach’s ability and knowledge the athlete should â€Å"further seek other personal training knowledge.† (Bompa, 303) They should improve self-control or if the athlete wants they can look for another coach that they feel will be more comfortable with and has more knowledge. This is so the athlete can have confidence in their practices and competitions. (Bompa, 303) In learning to be a Basketball coach you must learn the basis of training so all your participants can excel in their sport and individual performances. A coach educates his athletes in a physiological, psychological, and sociological manner with all these variables. There is a system to this training which is progressive and individually graded. â€Å"A coach leads, organizes, plans and educates the athlete.† (Bompa 4) This is also how a coach is like a teacher. Coaching is a time that an athlete achieves their individual abilities and psychological traits in a social environment that is conducive to learning and bringing on peak performances. Coaching is a profession that requires a Bachelor’s degree either in Education specializing in Health, Physical Education and Recreation for a coach in any sport is a teacher, but while they are in college they may have to have a second major, for example Elementary Education or even Secondary Education, so that they can teach children at various levels and get a p osition coaching a team. Coaching at the Early Childhood and/or Elementary level is mainly teaching the very basics of the sport and in this case Basketball. You as the coach would teach the skills like dribbling the ball, passing the ball, making free throws, etc. You would want to stress safety and teamwork at the very start at all the different levels of sports education. In learning about Basketball coaches need to learn how to teach the necessary skills, but before this step the first step would have to be a way to create an interest in the sport of Basketball. It is up to the coach to make the sport interesting, so the child will continue playing scholastically and as a extracurricular activity. The coach will have to instill the ideas of physical fitness, movement, learn to work with others, and to learn the necessary safety skills and also the attitudes to which wholesome recreation Is needed. â€Å"Even on a young child sports and physical education should instill personal values and to be creative.† â€Å"Physical activity is a very important for a growing child for they have to be taught to move correctly in order to stay healthy.† (Dauer, 13) Even when coaching young children coaches should check their physical development charts for body physique, skeletal and muscular

Six Philosophical Texts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Six Philosophical Texts - Essay Example Aristotle’s â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics† (books from 1 to 3) is absolutely a unique text that considers the cores of what does it really mean to be happy and how to become a virtuous human being. Reading Aristotle made me think that the man knew literally everything, as the things written in the Ethics are absolutely truthful and applicable. This in fact makes them universal, as they may be used by people of all times, because the author manages to describe ethics and moral values precisely as they are, so the text is still relevant. For instance, in the first book of Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle claims that happiness (or eudaimonia) is such thing that all people should strive to achieve, but not because people tend to satisfy their selfish needs, but because good must be itself a goal. But people often consider some wrong values as real happiness and this makes them strive to the wrong values (EN 1095b-1096a). This touched me deeply when I was reading the book, because it made me think of those wrong values like having constant fun or being careless and I realized that this is not how a rational human being should behave. Hence, I think this part of the text was the most affecting and I’m going to think twice before making my choices engaged with right values in the future. Aquinas’s â€Å"Summa Theologica† (Question 94) analyses what the natural law is and whether it is the same for all people.

Serial Killer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Serial Killer - Research Paper Example His brutality can be analyzed from the fact that he labeled the spraying of cyanide on to his prey as the best killing option that he liked. Richard Kuklinski was a criminal who did not feel guilty about his acts. His dark childhood laid an impact on his future killings (Holmes et al 2009; Martin 2006). Richard Kuklinski was born to Anna and Stanley Kuklinski. They belonged to a low income household. His father was an alcoholic and his mother was a Catholic and a strong follower of her religion. He received many beatings at the hands of his father and his mother. The cruelty with which his father used to beat the children can be analyzed from the fact that his beatings resulted in the death of one of Richard’s siblings. Thus, Richard was brought up in a very disturbed household. His childhood was not only darkened by the trauma that he had to suffer at his house, but Richard was also the victim of the bullies of his neighborhood (Shaw 2008). The instillation of violence in his character began at an early age. He used to make the cats of his neighborhood as the victim of his violence. He committed his first murder at the bare age of 14. He killed a boy named Johnny who was bullying him by using a cue stick as his weapon. His first killing raised his spirits and he continued this act of killing anyone who displeased him. He got married to a woman named Barbara at the age of 26 years. He then adapted the criminal path for his livelihood. He first sold pornographic material and later he became a hit man for the Gambino family. He fell in the hands of the police authorities in the year 1986 during a major crackdown operation (Holmes et al 2009; Martin 2006). The differential association theory of crime truly depicts the character of Richard Kuklinski. The differential association theory puts forward the fact that a person is directed towards committing of crime from what he learns and sees. This can be understood as Richard was instilled with

Catwalk Versus Visual Fashion Shows Dissertation

Catwalk Versus Visual Fashion Shows - Dissertation Example The paper "Catwalk Versus Visual Fashion Shows" discovers Young Designers Preference and fashion shows. The research is done by considering choices of young fashion designers from UK and Korea. In the introductory portion, the content, aims and objectives of this study and limitations faced while conducting the research work are clearly stated. Literature review comes next where all aspects related to visual fashion shows are dealt in details including current trends, influencing factors, recent shows, etc. Next is methodology, where the procedure, which was followed while doing this research work, is outlined. Research approaches, philosophies, data collection process, sampling etc, with every details are depicted in this section. Several people were interviewed. Continue with ‘findings’, summarizes the answers given by the respondents. Carry on with ‘discussion’, the answers of the respondents were interpreted, analyzed and compared. The views that came up through their answers were related with trends, practices and concepts referred to in ‘findings’. In the final section, a brief conclusion is provided to the whole study from point of view of the researcher. Along with a justification is also provided for young designer’s preference for visual fashion shows over live catwalk shows. Visual fashion shows are gradually taking over live fashion shows in recent times. Unlike the traditional fashion shows where the model catwalks down the ramp, visual fashion shows present digitalized images.... Unlike the traditional fashion shows where the model catwalks down the ramp, visual fashion shows present digitalized images of the same but, projected on a screen. Thus, on one hand the people fail to perceive the liveliness, but on the other hand designers could easily showcase their creations. For this reason, one could find an increasing popularity of visual fashion shows among designers, especially among the young the young fashion designers. Content In the present times, the fashion world is experiencing a new type of fashion show- the visual fashion show, which involves digitalized images of models decked up in fashion items. Contrary to conventional catwalk shows, visual fashion shows saves time, energy, organization, and are flexible in nature. At the same time, the visual fashion shows are also cost effective and interactive. This is the reason why many young designers in present are choosing visual fashion shows over the traditional ones (Menkes, 2010). Aims This study aim s at finding out whether the young fashion designers from UK and Korea prefer live catwalks on ramps or visual fashion shows. Objectives 1. To find out the choice and preferences of young designers from UK and Korea. 2. To explore what factors have affected their choice. 3. To examine relevance and effectiveness of visual fashion shows in contemporary fashion industry. 4. To analyze success of visual fashion shows in terms of marketing, promotion and popularity. Methodology For this paper, both primary and secondary sources will be used data collected by interviewing some people as well as those collected from books, journals, and reviews and articles from fashion magazines will be interpreted and analyzed. Findings It was found out that the new concept of

Plantation agriculture Essay Example for Free

Plantation agriculture Essay Plantation agriculture is a kind of commercial arable farming in the world. It is especially important in humid tropics with luxuriant growth of vegetation. Its economic effectiveness is always emphasized, bringing both positive and negative impacts. In recent decades, crop diversification is introduced and the ecological balance of the natural environment is greatly conserved. Plantation agriculture refers to the growing of cash crops on large foreign owned estates in countries of tropical environment. It is usually practiced in a large scale with monoculture, in which only a certain type of plant is dominant. Take Papua New Guinea as an example, in the area, cacao, coffee and rubber are mainly grown in the region for export to other countries. Under this kind of farming, there are positive impacts to the economy. Firstly, due to its large scale of operation and being export-oriented in Papua New Guinea, the supply of products is regular and of uniformly high quality. With high demand for the products, this attracts large amount of investment of capital from the foreign countries, such as Europe and North America, thus allowing the farmers being financially able to provide the expensive machinery capable of turning out a high grade product. Benefiting from economies of scale, this enables both the transportation cost and production cost to be lowered. Secondly, plantations are also able to undertake greater scientific research and the eradication of pests and diseases. For example, one large sugar company in the former British colony of Guyana was able to employ a large research staff to produce a strain of sugar cane resistant to leaf-scald disease. Besides, government assistance has brought improved crop varieties, scientific research, new pesticides and fertilizers and effective marketing, The government of Papua New Guinea launched The Cape Hoskins Oil Palm Scheme to solve land disputes of many small holdings, strengthening national self-reliance. With increasing demand for the plantation, the employment rate of Papua New Guinea is greatly increased as there are more needs for personnel to manage crop growing and researching. Some crop processing and manufacturing industries are set up to satisfy the demand for crops. The farm productivity is increased as well. As people can earn more income from this kind of farming, this stimulates the rate of urbanization, hence the development of infrastructure and improvement of public facilities, such as roads, railways, ports, towns, schools, hospitals and the supply of electricity and water. As a result, the living standard of the labour is greatly improved. Despite the economic benefits, plantation farming somehow brings negative impacts to Papua New Guinea. First is the reliance upon the protected markets in Australia. At present, about one-third of the copra, 40 percent of the coffee, most of the cocoa and rubber is exported to Australia, which is assigned to admit duty free. In return, Papua New Guinea has to pay taxes for any imports. This leads to outflow of capital to foreign countries because this kind of farming is highly export-oriented. Second is the problem of labour. Plantations require large amount of cheap labour, but the wage rate is progressively higher because of the rising living standard and commercialization of the country. This increases the cost of production and thus reduces the competitiveness among other countries for the same kind of farming. Apart from this, the risk of crop failure is an important factor for consideration. As plantation agriculture is highly specialized. People highly rely on monoculture to earn a living. When the price of cash crops falls drastically or there is a sudden of crop failure, the income of farmers will fall as well. As a result, the earning of farmers tend to be unstable and badly affected the national income of Papua New Guinea. Besides, people have to import other necessities from other countries instead of planting within their own country, self-sufficiency cannot be achieved. In this way, there is no other source to safeguard the return of farmers. To overcome the negative impacts, crop diversification is a good method to reduce the over-reliance on certain types of cash crops. Ecologically, this method can also be beneficial to the environment. Since different types of crops are grown, the risk of crop failure decreases. This can stop the spread of diseases and pests for a particular type of crops. The population of pests decreases. This in turn reduces the use of pesticides. Hence, the chance of stream pollution is smaller, the sea organisms will not be poisoned or suffocated so easily, the nutrient flow can be more stable. There will be greater diversity of species of biomass, so the ecosystem will be more stable. Furthermore, diversification of crops increases the vegetation cover. There will be less surface runoff and soil erosion, yet infiltration increases. The nutrients of the soil can be preserved. Crop diversification also reduces the exhaustion of certain type of nutrients, fertility can be maintained and thus the use of fertilizer will be less common as well. Climatically, because of less crop failures, the amount of biomass increases. The evapotranspiration rate and wind speed can be more stable, so the microclimate can be maintained constant, the risk of global warming will not be getting serious so fast. In conclusion, plantation of cash crops is significant in Papua New Guinea for economic development. Though crop diversification may not be as profitable as plantation agriculture, ecological environment should not be ignored. In long-term, diversification of crops is a good way to safeguard the natural environment and brings more stable income to the farmers as well.